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(Dear Sir)Tj
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(TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING ACT 1990 : SECTION 78)Tj
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(APPEAL BY WELSH WATER)Tj
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(PROPOSED ALTERATIONS AND EXTENSIONS TO LLANBEDR WASTEWATER)Tj
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(TREATMENT WORKS, LLANBEDR, HARLECH)Tj
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(1. Consideration has been given to the report of the Inspector, Mr Clive\
Nield BSc, CEng, MICE, MCIWEM, who held a )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(public local inquiry into your client's appeal to the Assembly under sec\
tion 78 of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 )Tj
T*
(against the decision of Snowdonia National Park Authority to refuse plan\
ning permission for proposed alterations and )Tj
T*
(extensions to Llanbedr Wastewater Treatment Works, Llanbedr, Harlech.)Tj
ET
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11.24409 0 0 11.24409 40.15749 260.93785 Tm
(2. In a letter of 19 May the Planning Inspectorate indicated that becaus\
e the appeal involves operational land of a statutory )Tj
T*
(undertaker, or land that would become operational if planning permission\
were to be granted, it would be dealt with by the )Tj
T*
(National Assembly for Wales instead of by an appointed inspector in acco\
rdance with Section 266 of the Town and Country )Tj
T*
(Planning Act 1990.)Tj
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/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 40.15749 191.70634 Tm
(3. The Assembly resolved on 8 January that a committee to be known as Pl\
anning Decision Committee 2001/8 be )Tj
T*
(established, in accordance with Standing Order 35 to discharge the funct\
ions of the Assembly under Section 79 of the 1990 )Tj
T*
(Act in respect of the appeal by Welsh Water as described above. Accordin\
gly the Planning Decision Committee has )Tj
T*
(considered the appeal and has resolved under Standing Order 35.16 to ado\
pt this letter.)Tj
ET
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(4. )Tj
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(The Inspector's conclusions are set out in paragraphs 138 to 178 of his \
report, a copy of which is enclosed, and those )Tj
T*
(conclusions are reproduced as Annex A to this letter. The Inspector reco\
mmended that the appeal be allowed and planning )Tj
T*
(permission granted subject to conditions. The Planning Decision Committe\
e agree with his conclusions and accept his )Tj
T*
(recommendation.)Tj
10.37917 0 0 10.37917 118.54007 81.99611 Tm
( )Tj
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( )Tj
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(5. )Tj
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(The Planning Decision Committee agree with the Inspector's conclusion, f\
or the reasons given by him, that the proposal )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(would be in accordance with the development plan and national policies, \
would provide significant benefits to water quality )Tj
T*
(in estuary and coastal waters and benefits to tourism and would not unac\
ceptably harm the character and appearance of the )Tj
T*
(surrounding quiet rural area or the amenity of local residents or visiti\
ng tourists.)Tj
ET
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11.24409 0 0 11.24409 40.15749 610.30792 Tm
(6. During the course of the appeal your client submitted revised proposa\
ls that took into account the need for odour control )Tj
T*
(measures and various other design refinements. The Planning Decision Com\
mittee agree with the Inspector, for the reasons )Tj
T*
(given by him, that the modifications to the proposal are neither substan\
tial nor significant and that it was appropriate for the)Tj
( )Tj
T*
(amended proposals to be considered under the appeal. In particular they \
consider that the amendments providing additional )Tj
T*
(detail of landscaping and odour control would, had they not been provide\
d, been the subject of conditions attached to any )Tj
T*
(planning permission granted. The Planning Decision Committee therefore c\
onclude that the nature of the proposal was not )Tj
T*
(substantially altered by the amendments and that there was no need for t\
hem to be resubmitted in the form of a fresh )Tj
T*
(planning application.)Tj
ET
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11.24409 0 0 11.24409 40.15749 487.10478 Tm
(7. The Snowdonia National Park Authority maintained that in view of the \
amendments made to the application since its )Tj
T*
(submission the National Assembly should issue a screening direction unde\
r the Town and Country Planning \(Assessment of )Tj
T*
(Environmental Impact Assessment\)\(England and Wales\) Regulations 1999.\
As indicated in the previous paragraph the )Tj
T*
(Planning Decision Committee do not consider that the revised proposals s\
ubmitted during the course of the appeal are so )Tj
T*
(substantial as to require the submission of a fresh application. They th\
erefore agree with the Inspector that the Town and )Tj
T*
(Country Planning \(Assessment of Environmental Effects Regulations\) 198\
8 should apply to the application and any )Tj
T*
(subsequent appeal whether or not amendments to the original application \
are being considered, and that the National )Tj
T*
(Assembly for Wales is not required to issue a screening direction under \
the 1999 Regulations before determining the appeal )Tj
T*
(and that an Environmental Impact Assessment is not necessary. The Planni\
ng Decision Committee also agree with the )Tj
T*
(Inspector's conclusion, for the reasons given by him, that an Environmen\
tal Statement is not required under the 1999 )Tj
T*
(Regulations.)Tj
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(8. There were submissions made to the inquiry in respect of Article 6 of\
the European Convention on Human Rights, which )Tj
T*
(provides for a right to a fair trial, that the Llanbedr Community Counci\
l and local residents were inconvenienced by your )Tj
T*
(client's delayed provision of a proper odour assessment and the changed \
nature of the application. The Planning Decision )Tj
T*
(Committee accept the Inspector's view that while the Community Council a\
nd local residents were inconvenienced by the )Tj
T*
(delay and the submission of changes to the proposals this did not preven\
t them from presenting their cases adequately at the )Tj
T*
(public inquiry and that in consequence there was no violation of the rig\
hts of the\225 residents under Article 6.)Tj
ET
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11.24409 0 0 11.24409 40.15749 227.20557 Tm
(9. The National Assembly for Wales \(Transfer of Functions\) Order 1999 \
transfers the functions of both the Secretary of )Tj
T*
(State and the "appropriate minister" \(so far as they relate to water an\
d sewerage undertakers\) to the National Assembly. )Tj
T*
(With regard to Article 6 of the Convention on Human Rights the Planning \
Decision Committee consider that the procedures )Tj
T*
(of the National Assembly for Wales for determining planning appeals are \
designed to comply with the Convention. The )Tj
T*
(House of Lords has determined \(in the case of R-v-Secretary of State fo\
r the Environment, Transport and the Regions ex )Tj
T*
(parte Alconbury Development Limited and Others -judgement delivered on 9\
May 2001\) that the Secretary of State is not an )Tj
T*
(impartial or independent tribunal but that the availability of judicial \
review is sufficient to ensure that the current appeal )Tj
T*
(process is compatible with the requirements of Article 6 of the Conventi\
on. The principle applies to the appeal process in )Tj
T*
(Wales and appeal decisions taken by the National Assembly.)Tj
ET
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11.24409 0 0 11.24409 40.15749 90.50951 Tm
(10. The Snowdonia National Park Authority raised the point that serious \
smell nuisance affecting someone's home has been )Tj
T*
(found to be a breach of Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Ri\
ghts which concerns the right to respect for )Tj
T*
(private and family life. The Planning Decision Committee having regard t\
o the Inspector's conclusions, which they accept, )Tj
T*
(that there would be no unacceptable harm to the amenity of local residen\
ts and that the proposed measures would be )Tj
T*
(confidently expected to avoid the works causing significant odour nuisan\
ce, consider that the degree of interference with )Tj
ET
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(private and family life would be insufficient to give rise to a violatio\
n of the residents' rights.)Tj
ET
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11.24409 0 0 11.24409 40.15749 732.70793 Tm
(11. The Planning Decision Committee has considered the question of condi\
tions to be attached to the planning permission. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(The Planning Decision Committee agree with the Inspector's conclusions o\
n the conditions to be applied. With regard to the )Tj
T*
(condition suggested by the Inspector as supplementary to condition 6 sug\
gested by your client the Planning Decision )Tj
T*
(Committee accept that in this case the wording proposed by the Inspector\
is appropriate. As regards condition 14 suggested )Tj
T*
(by the appellant the Planning Decision Committee accept that BS 4142 can\
be appropriate for planning applications in )Tj
T*
(determining the extent of complaint from an industrial source under norm\
al operating conditions. However, in this case )Tj
T*
(given that the nearest dwellings are some 160m from the site, and bearin\
g in mind that the National Park Authority )Tj
T*
(acknowledged at the inquiry that the noise levels specified in the appel\
lant's suggested condition would be acceptable for )Tj
T*
(the protection of the amenity of nearby residents, the Committee conside\
r that a condition should be imposed in the form )Tj
T*
(suggested by the appellant.)Tj
ET
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/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 40.15749 582.51895 Tm
(Formal Decision)Tj
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/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 40.15749 553.76619 Tm
(12. For the reasons given by the Inspector the Planning Decision Committ\
ee hereby grant planning permission for )Tj
T*
(alterations and extensions to Llanbedr Wastewater Treatment Works in acc\
ordance with planning application NP5/62/236 )Tj
T*
(dated 29 June 1998 as amended by the revised plans NH00139 019E, 020E an\
d 021 D subject to the conditions contained in )Tj
T*
(Annex B to this letter.)Tj
ET
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11.24409 0 0 11.24409 40.15749 484.5347 Tm
(13. This letter, a copy of which has been sent to Welsh Water and the Na\
tional Park Officer, Snowdonia National Park )Tj
T*
(Authority, does not convey any approval or consent which may be required\
under any enactment, bye law, order or )Tj
T*
(regulation other than Section 57 of the Town and Country Planning Act 19\
90.)Tj
ET
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/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 40.15749 428.79611 Tm
(Yours faithfully)Tj
ET
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(Dr Richard Edwards AM)Tj
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11.24409 0 0 11.24409 40.15749 328.72368 Tm
(Chair. Planning Decision Committee 2001/8 )Tj
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11.24409 0 0 11.24409 40.15749 299.97092 Tm
(Enc. Leaflets "H" and "HC")Tj
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( )Tj
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( )Tj
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( )Tj
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11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 184.9599 Tm
(Report APP/H9504/A/00/1039926)Tj
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(ANNEX A )Tj
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11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 127.45438 Tm
(National Assembly for Wales Letter 10 January 2002)Tj
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11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 98.70163 Tm
(Report APP/H9504/A/00/1039926)Tj
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(Appraisal and Conclusions)Tj
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(Need for Improved Sewage Treatment and Disposal Provision)Tj
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(138. The need for improved sewage treatment and disposal provision for t\
he sewage currently dealt with at the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Harlech, Llandanwg and Llanbedr treatment plants is not in dispute. It i\
s driven by European Community Directives )Tj
T*
(covering Urban Wastewater Treatment and Bathing Waters, which require im\
proved treatment and water quality )Tj
T*
(standards to be met. At present all 3 works provide only primary treatme\
nt of sewage, and legislation and )Tj
T*
(government guidance requires that treatment be improved to include secon\
dary \(biological\) treatment. [23-25, 30, )Tj
T*
(31, 107])Tj
ET
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/T1_0 1 Tf
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(139. At present the partially treated sewage effluents from the Harlech \
and Llandanwg works are discharged on or )Tj
T*
(close to bathing beaches, and improved effluent quality is needed to ens\
ure that EC Bathing Waters standards are )Tj
T*
(met. The beaches cannot gain "European Blue Flag" status unless the bath\
ing waters meet the stringent )Tj
T*
(microbiological guideline standards specified in the Bathing Waters Dire\
ctive. I conclude that there is an undisputed )Tj
T*
(need for improved sewage treatment and disposal provision for the 3 sett\
lements. [24, 30])Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 575.70634 Tm
(Alternative Schemes)Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 546.9536 Tm
(140. Welsh Water has carried out an appraisal of options to address thes\
e requirements and decided that a combined )Tj
T*
(scheme for all 3 settlements would be the most feasible and viable solut\
ion with the combined treatment works sited )Tj
T*
(at Llanbedr and the effluent discharge into the Mon Artro. Local residen\
ts and their representatives object to the )Tj
T*
(principle of bringing sewage from Harlech and Llandanwg to be treated at\
Llanbedr. However, such an argument can )Tj
T*
(only be defended if there is another option that is preferable in enviro\
nmental, social and economic terms or if the )Tj
T*
(proposal would have unacceptable effects on the Llanbedr community. [31,\
110])Tj
ET
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/T1_0 1 Tf
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(141. The treatment works itself could be located at any of the 3 centres\
, and many local residents have argued that )Tj
T*
(the most appropriate site would be near the Glan y Mor car park at Harle\
ch [32, 34, 108, 130, 135]. That may well be )Tj
T*
(the case in so far as impact on the local communities is concerned. Howe\
ver, a treatment works cannot be )Tj
T*
(constructed in isolation, and the discharge of treated effluent to an ac\
ceptable location is a vital consideration. Welsh )Tj
T*
(Water reports that the existing outfalls at Harlech and Llandanwg are en\
vironmentally unacceptable and would have )Tj
T*
(to be replaced with new or extended outfalls. And a local resident has c\
onfirmed the unsatisfactory nature of the )Tj
T*
(Llandanwg outfall [33, 34, 136].)Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 341.02603 Tm
(142. Various alternatives have been considered for coastal outfalls from\
a works at Harlech. However, no )Tj
T*
(environmentally acceptable location for discharge of the treated effluen\
t can be found. The poor dispersion )Tj
T*
(characteristics of this part of Tremadog Bay and the presence of the Pen\
'Llyn ar Sarnau candidate Special Area of )Tj
T*
(Conservation \(cSAC\) at the present outfall site discount that location\
. The Morfa Harlech National Nature Reserve )Tj
T*
(and Site of Special Scientific Interest \(SSSI\), the Pen Llyn ar Sarnau\
cSAC and a commercially important )Tj
T*
(shellfishery discount discharge to the Dwyryd Estuary to the north. And \
discharge to the land drainage system would )Tj
T*
(be unacceptable because it becomes tide-locked. A discharge to the Mon A\
rtro at Llanbedr would not be subject to )Tj
T*
(the same constraints. The Environment Agency and the Countryside Council\
for Wales agree with this assessment )Tj
T*
(and support the proposal to site the treatment works at Llanbedr. [33, 3\
4, 35, 37])Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 204.32997 Tm
( )Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 175.57722 Tm
(Report APP/H9504/A/00/1039926)Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 146.82446 Tm
(143. The Snowdonia National Park Authority argues that improvements coul\
d be carried out at each of the existing )Tj
T*
(works [85]. However, this ignores the present unsatisfactory nature of t\
he outfalls at Harlech and Llandanwg [33, 34] )Tj
T*
(and the same problems in finding acceptable alternative discharge locati\
ons. The Llanbedr Community Council has )Tj
T*
(suggested that specialist engineering techniques could be used to replac\
e or extend the present outfalls and has )Tj
T*
(questioned the harm caused by them to the coastal environment [108]. How\
ever, these again ignore the Environment )Tj
T*
(Agency's objections in principle to discharges in these areas on account\
of their harm to the natural environment.)Tj
ET
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/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 50.60713 Tm
(144. The Community Council and local residents have compared the Mon Art\
ro and the Mon Dwyryd and argue that )Tj
T*
(their circumstances are similar. Consequently, it is difficult to unders\
tand why an effluent discharge is acceptable to )Tj
ET
EMC
Q
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(one but not to the other [109, 128]. The Community Council argues that t\
he advice provided by the Environment )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Agency and the Countryside Council for Wales should be reviewed. However\
, no one has brought forward any )Tj
T*
(evidence to suggest that those 2 guardians of the natural environment wo\
uld do other than provide the same advice )Tj
T*
(given to Welsh Water, i.e. that the currently proposed option is the bes\
t solution so far as the natural environment is )Tj
T*
(concerned [37]. No evidence put forward has led me to reach any other co\
nclusion.)Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
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/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 678.73627 Tm
(145. During its consideration of the planning application the Snowdonia \
National Park Authority asked Welsh Water )Tj
T*
(to consider other options of a less conventional nature [37], and Welsh \
Water submitted a report covering such )Tj
T*
(matters [38, 39]. However, the National Park Authority and the Community\
Council consider that these could have )Tj
T*
(been investigated in more detail, particularly the possibility of using \
the Fridd Rasus municipal waste disposal site, )Tj
T*
(near Harlech, for a combined waste/sewage scheme [83, 110, 122, 123].)Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 596.01186 Tm
(146. It is possible that there has been some misunderstanding over metho\
ds that are being developed elsewhere for )Tj
T*
(beneficial use of treated sewage sludge as opposed to the untreated sewa\
ge itself. Sludge is the treated solids content )Tj
T*
(of sewage and would be produced at the proposed works and removed elsewh\
ere for further processing. The various )Tj
T*
(suggestions for beneficial use of the sewage [123] could still be pursue\
d with the treated sludge [39]. However, they )Tj
T*
(would not affect the need for the proposed scheme.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 40.15749 513.28746 Tm
(Amended Proposals)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 484.5347 Tm
(147. During the course of the appeal, Welsh Water has submitted revised \
proposals that take into account the need )Tj
T*
(for odour control measures and various other design refinements [13]. Th\
e Snowdonia National Park Authority )Tj
T*
(argues that these involve changes of such significance that they should \
not be considered in the appeal; instead, they )Tj
T*
(should be resubmitted to the Authority as a new planning application [86\
].)Tj
ET
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/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 415.30321 Tm
(148. The proposed modifications comprise the deletion of certain units a\
nd the addition of others. Originally, a )Tj
T*
(separate inlet works was proposed for the sewage pumped from Harlech and\
Llandanwg. It is now proposed that this )Tj
T*
(would be received by the existing inlet works with a small balancing tan\
k. Two small sludge tanks have also been )Tj
T*
(deleted. The additional items include aeration blower units for the aera\
tion tanks, several GRP covers to tanks and )Tj
T*
(channels and an odour control unit adjacent to the inlet works. Extensio\
ns to the proposed landscaped bund and stone )Tj
T*
(cladding of parts of the existing buildings are also included, as agreed\
with the National Park Authority before it )Tj
T*
(determined the application [13].)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 305.59297 Tm
( )Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 276.84021 Tm
(Report APP/H9504/A/00/1039926)Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
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/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 248.08745 Tm
(149. The parties agree that modifications to the application may be cons\
idered at appeal provided they are not )Tj
T*
(substantial or significant [42]. My assessment is that the additional it\
ems would be either quite small or of low )Tj
T*
(profile [41]. Most of the modifications would be to provide odour contro\
l facilities and would have been added to the )Tj
T*
(original scheme in any case if planning permission had been granted subj\
ect to a condition for such measures [43]. In )Tj
T*
(my view, the modifications to the proposal are neither substantial nor s\
ignificant and it is appropriate that the )Tj
T*
(amended proposals be considered under the appeal.)Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
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/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 151.87013 Tm
(150. The National Park Authority has argued that the need for odour cont\
rol measures to be installed at locations )Tj
T*
(away from the appeal site \(i.e. at the 2 pumping stations\) illustrates\
that the proposal is linked with development at )Tj
T*
(other locations [87]. That is clearly so. However, those installations w\
ould be inside buildings under the control of )Tj
T*
(Welsh Water [56], and the necessary installations could be the subject o\
f appropriate conditions attached to a )Tj
T*
(planning permission. They do not change my conclusion that the amended p\
roposals should be considered under this )Tj
T*
(appeal.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
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/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 40.15749 55.6528 Tm
(Environmental Impact Assessment)Tj
ET
EMC
Q
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(151. The planning application was submitted in June 1998 and was subject\
to consideration under the Town and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Country Planning \(Assessment of Environmental Effects\) Regulations 198\
8. The proposal fell well below the )Tj
T*
(indicative thresholds for development likely to need environmental asses\
sment, and an Environmental Statement was )Tj
T*
(not provided or called for [88]. The Town and Country Planning \(Environ\
mental Impact Assessment\)\(England and )Tj
T*
(Wales\) Regulations 1999 came into force for applications submitted on o\
r after 14 March 1999 [28] and specify )Tj
T*
(much lower thresholds. If the same application had been submitted a year\
later, it is likely that an Environmental )Tj
T*
(Statement would have been required [89].)Tj
ET
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11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 651.75044 Tm
(152. The fact that an Environmental Statement would have been needed doe\
s not necessarily mean that the )Tj
T*
(application would have been refused. A considerable amount of environmen\
tal information has been provided either )Tj
T*
(for the application or the appeal. However, the 1999 Regulations would h\
ave ensured that a comprehensive )Tj
T*
(assessment could have been considered with the planning application. It \
has been suggested that Welsh Water )Tj
T*
(submitted the planning application at an early date in order to avoid th\
e rigours of the 1999 Regulations [118]. In my )Tj
T*
(view, this allegation is quite unfounded [68].)Tj
ET
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/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 555.53313 Tm
(153. Nevertheless, the National Park Authority maintains that, in view o\
f the amendments made to the proposal since )Tj
T*
(it was first submitted, the National Assembly should issue a screening d\
irection under the 1999 Regulations calling )Tj
T*
(for an Environmental Statement. It says that, if permission were granted\
without consideration of an Environmental )Tj
T*
(Statement, it would be contrary to the United Kingdom obligations under \
the appropriate European Community )Tj
T*
(Directive and open to legal challenge. However, Welsh Water maintains th\
at it would be ultra vices to consider the )Tj
T*
(appeal proposals against the 1999 Regulations. [67, 91])Tj
ET
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/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 459.3158 Tm
(154. This is 'a matter of law. However, in my view, the Authority's stan\
ce is not correct. The 1988 Regulations apply )Tj
T*
(to the appeal application and to any subsequent appeal, whether or not a\
mendments to the original application are )Tj
T*
(being considered. I am not persuaded that the National Assembly is requi\
red to issue a screening direction under the )Tj
T*
(1999 Regulations before determining this appeal or that an Environmental\
Impact Assessment is necessary.)Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
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/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 390.0843 Tm
(155. It is open to the National Assembly to call for an Environmental St\
atement under Section 11 of the 1988 )Tj
T*
(Regulations, and I have considered whether or not the proposal falls wit\
hin the interpretation of development likely )Tj
T*
(to have significant effects on the environment. The project falls within\
Schedule 2 of the 1988 Regulations, and the )Tj
T*
(accompanying Circular)Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 320.85281 Tm
(Report APP/H9504/A/00/1039926)Tj
ET
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/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 292.10005 Tm
(\(Welsh Office Circular 15/88\) provides advice on identifying relevant \
projects. Section 20 identifies major projects )Tj
T*
(of more than local importance and, occasionally, projects on a smaller s\
cale in particularly sensitive or vulnerable )Tj
T*
(locations as needing environmental assessment. However, Section 21 goes \
on to advise that the number of projects )Tj
T*
(falling within these categories will be a small proportion of all Schedu\
le 2 projects. Requirements were far less )Tj
T*
(stringent under the 1988 Regulations than under the current 1999 Regulat\
ions. I share the National Park Authority's )Tj
T*
(judgement that under the 1988 Regulations an Environmental Statement is \
not required.)Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
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/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 195.88274 Tm
(Odour)Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
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/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 167.12997 Tm
(156. The National Park Authority has produced no evidence to support its\
refusal of the application on grounds of )Tj
T*
(odour nuisance. At the time of its refusal, the Authority had received v\
ery little information from Welsh Water on )Tj
T*
(how odour would be avoided and alleviated, and its refusal was based on \
experience at other sewage treatment works )Tj
T*
(nearby and its appreciation of the significant impact that unpleasant od\
ours can cause [92, 93]. The Authority's )Tj
T*
(specialist advisers have reviewed the odour control measures now put for\
ward by Welsh Water, and the Authority )Tj
T*
(now accepts that the amended proposals would be likely to adequately con\
trol odour emissions [61]. However, the )Tj
T*
(Community Council and many local residents remain sceptical [111, 112 & \
137].)Tj
ET
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/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 57.41974 Tm
(157. Welsh Water has undertaken a study of the various measures required\
to ensure that odour nuisance would not )Tj
T*
(occur at the proposed works [53]. The proposals now include measures to \
deal with potential septicity occurring in )Tj
ET
EMC
Q
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(the rising mains from Harlech and Llandanwg and to contain and alleviate\
odours that occur at the treatment works )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(itself. The proprietary chemical Nutriox would be dosed at both pumping \
stations with automatic controls and )Tj
T*
(standby facilities [55 &56]. This is an established method that performs\
well and would be likely to successfully )Tj
T*
(avoid odorous gases forming in the rising mains. An additional back up t\
o this would be provided at the works inlet )Tj
T*
(with a facility for automatic dosing of iron salts to alleviate any resi\
dual odour [57].)Tj
ET
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/T1_0 1 Tf
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(158. In addition, the parts of the sewage works vulnerable to odour rele\
ase would be covered with sealed GRP )Tj
T*
(covers, and the gases would be vented to air through filters to remove a\
ny odours [58]. These are also well )Tj
T*
(established methods that are being used at many modern sewage treatment \
works where odour could cause problems.)Tj
ET
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/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 622.9977 Tm
(159. Modelling work carried out on behalf of Welsh Water indicates that \
this combination of measures would be )Tj
T*
(successful in reducing odour emissions to such an extent that they would\
be much less and much more localised than )Tj
T*
(at the existing works and would be expected to cause less nuisance to pa\
ssers-by and local residents. The nearest )Tj
T*
(residential properties would be well outside the contour of influence fo\
r odour levels likely to cause annoyance [59 )Tj
T*
(& 60]. In my view, adequate research has been carried out to determine t\
he measures required for odour prevention )Tj
T*
([137], and I conclude that the proposed measures would be confidently ex\
pected to avoid the works causing )Tj
T*
(significant odour nuisance.)Tj
ET
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/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 513.28746 Tm
(Noise)Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 484.5347 Tm
(160. The National Park Authority has raised concerns about noise emanati\
ng from the odour control fans, )Tj
T*
(particularly the one at the inlet works that would be located in the ope\
n. Similar fans at Porthmadog treatment works )Tj
T*
(have recently been causing nuisance to nearby residents during night-tim\
e periods when background noise levels are )Tj
T*
(low. The nearest house at Llanbedr would be slightly nearer than that at\
Porthmadog. [97 & 98])Tj
ET
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/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 415.30321 Tm
( )Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 386.55045 Tm
(Report APP/H9504/A/00/1039926)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 357.79768 Tm
(161. At Llanbedr one fan would be located inside the sludge handling bui\
lding and the other would be covered and )Tj
T*
(screened by earth bunds. In addition, it would be proposed to use smalle\
r, modern fans in plastic, rather than mild )Tj
T*
(steel, housings. These measures would ensure that any noise was adequate\
ly contained and that the works would not )Tj
T*
(cause disturbance to nearby residents. An appropriate condition could be\
applied to ensure that suitable noise levels )Tj
T*
(were not exceeded. [62 & 64])Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 275.07329 Tm
(162. A resident of Harlech commented on the possibility of larger pumps \
at the Harlech pumping station giving rise )Tj
T*
(to noise. This would be unlikely, as the building would provide ample op\
portunity for noise control. The National )Tj
T*
(Park Authority's expert confirmed that noise from pumping stations is ra\
rely a cause of complaint. [63 & 131 ])Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 40.15749 219.3347 Tm
(Health & Environmental Impact)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 190.58194 Tm
(163. Several local residents have expressed concern about the impact the\
treated effluent would have on the water )Tj
T*
(quality of the Afon Artro and the estuary. Mention has been made of the \
estuary ecology and particularly its rich )Tj
T*
(habitat for birds [124]. However, particular reference has been made to \
the effect on the tourism trade. The CMC )Tj
T*
(outward bound centre at Pensarn relies on use of the river and estuary f\
or water sports for its young visitors, some of )Tj
T*
(whom have special educational or physical needs [126 & 127]. There are 2\
other outward-bound centres in the area )Tj
T*
(as well as the popular camping venue at Shell Island, which received ove\
r 50,000 visitors in 1999 [133]. Tourism is )Tj
T*
(important to the economic well being of Llanbedr, and water quality in t\
he river and estuary is a vital contributor )Tj
T*
(towards its future success.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 67.3788 Tm
(164. Although the quantity would be considerably more than at present, t\
he effluent discharged to the Afon Artro )Tj
T*
(would be of a considerably higher standard than at present. The proposal\
would result in improved water quality in )Tj
T*
(the river and estuary and some benefit to their ecology. This would be p\
articularly marked in regard to )Tj
ET
EMC
Q
endstream
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(bacteriological pollution as a result of the introduction of the seconda\
ry \(biological\) and UV disinfection stages of )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(treatment, which would kill 1,000-10,000 times more coliforms than the e\
xisting treatment works. As a result, risks )Tj
T*
(to the health of water users would be considerably improved. [72])Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 705.72211 Tm
(165. The Director of the outward-bound centre commented that visitors' p\
erceptions of risk are just as important as )Tj
T*
(the actual risks, and the larger treatment works proposed would increase\
the general perception of its presence [129]. )Tj
T*
(It is acknowledged that public perception of risk is a material consider\
ation [76]. However, that perception would be )Tj
T*
(reduced if the visual impact of the proposed works were minimised.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 636.4906 Tm
(Visual Impact)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 607.73785 Tm
(166. The visual impact of the proposed works is not a matter in dispute \
with the Snowdonia National Park Authority. )Tj
T*
(However, the Community Council is concerned about its impact at the entr\
ance to the village and about the long )Tj
T*
(period that landscape planting would take to grow to a size capable of p\
roviding meaningful screening [115 & 116].)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 551.99927 Tm
(167. Welsh Water has commissioned a visual assessment of the proposed de\
velopment, which has concluded that the )Tj
T*
(proposed development would not result in any discernible difference to t\
he overall landscape and would result in )Tj
T*
(only a moderate change to localised views from the road and nearby footp\
aths. These impacts would reduce further )Tj
T*
(as the landscaping and additional planting matured [74]. A substantial e\
arth bund on 3 sides of the works would )Tj
T*
(provide considerable screening even without the additional landscape pla\
nting [12]. My conclusion is that the visual )Tj
T*
(impact would be quite limited and not unacceptably harmful to the charac\
ter and appearance of the village.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 455.78194 Tm
(Report APP/H9504/A/00/1039926)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 427.02919 Tm
(Flooding)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 398.27643 Tm
(168. The Community Council and several local residents have provided evi\
dence that the site is subject to flooding )Tj
T*
(and have suggested that, if the proposed works were to be affected, the \
floodwaters would spread pollution over a )Tj
T*
(wide area [113, 114 & 125\). However, Welsh Water explained that it was \
aware of the likelihood of flooding and )Tj
T*
(that the works had been designed to avoid the tanks and other installati\
ons becoming inundated. The existing works )Tj
T*
(was successfully designed to resist flooding in the same way, and none o\
f the local residents has reported the works )Tj
T*
(itself being flooded or pollution being caused. Nor has the Environment \
Agency raised this as a concern [65]. I )Tj
T*
(conclude that the risks of flooding of the site can be adequately allowe\
d for in the design of the works.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 288.56619 Tm
(169. One local resident has asked what effect the additional volume of w\
ater discharged into the river would have on )Tj
T*
(flood levels in the river itself [136]. However, as it would only equate\
to about 0.5% of the average daily flow in the )Tj
T*
(river, its effect would be negligible [72].)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 232.82761 Tm
(Planning Policy)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 204.07486 Tm
(170. It is a requirement of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 \(as \
amended\) that, where an adopted or )Tj
T*
(approved development plan contains relevant policies, an application for\
planning permission or an appeal shall be )Tj
T*
(determined in accordance with the plan, unless material considerations i\
ndicate otherwise.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 148.33627 Tm
(171. The Snowdonia National Park Authority acknowledges that the proposa\
l would be in accord with development )Tj
T*
(plan and national policies, except in the context of "major development"\
as discussed below [14, 80]. In the light of )Tj
T*
(my reasoning above, my general conclusion is also that the proposal woul\
d be in line with development plan and )Tj
T*
(national policies. The proposal would protect and enhance the environmen\
t and would meet general criteria for good )Tj
T*
(design and acceptable impact on its surroundings and nearby residents. I\
t would also contribute towards )Tj
T*
(sustainability. [44])Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 52.11896 Tm
(172. The provision of improved sewage disposal facilities and the avoida\
nce of coastal pollution would support )Tj
T*
(development plan aims and enable compliance to be achieved with the rele\
vant European Community Directives and )Tj
ET
EMC
Q
endstream
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(corresponding UK legislation. It would also be of significant benefit to\
tourism in the area in support of the tourism )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(strategy and the purposes of the National Park. [45])Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 719.21501 Tm
(173. Turning to consider the question of "major development", the Nation\
al Park Authority has referred to the advice )Tj
T*
(in Planning Guidance \(Wales\), Planning Policy, that )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
("Major development should not take place in National Parks, )Tj
T*
(save in exceptional circumstances of proven national interest". )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(In the absence of a definition of "major development" )Tj
T*
(in the national guidance, the Authority has argued that the proposal fal\
ls within the definition of "major )Tj
T*
(development" in Article 8 of the Town and Country Planning \(General Dev\
elopment Procedure\) Order 1995 and so )Tj
T*
(requires special justification. [81])Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 622.9977 Tm
(174. The Authority proposed the same definition in regard to draft Polic\
y PC4 of the deposit version of the Local )Tj
T*
(Plan, which follows a presumption similar to the national guidance. Howe\
ver, the Local Plan Inspector rejected that )Tj
T*
(approach, as the definition in Article 8 is specifically intended to app\
ly only to that Article. I agree with that )Tj
T*
(interpretation. In which case, one turns to the adopted Local Plan, whic\
h defines "major development" as )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
T*
("development which is national rather than local in character or that wh\
ich will have a very significant and long )Tj
T*
(term impact on the landscape, wildlife or cultural heritage of the Park \
because of its scale". )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(Several examples are )Tj
T*
(given for guidance in interpretation. [48 & 49])Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 513.28746 Tm
( )Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 484.5347 Tm
( )Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 455.78194 Tm
(Report APP/H9504/A/00/1039926)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 427.02919 Tm
(175. The Authority argues that the scheme has national and international\
implications because of its connection with )Tj
T*
(European Community Directives and the huge financial penalties involved \
in the event of continued failure to meet )Tj
T*
(the required standards [82]. I disagree. Measured against the adopted Lo\
cal Plan definition, the proposal is not )Tj
T*
(national in character or likely to have a long-term impact on the Park e\
nvironment. And it would be much less )Tj
T*
(significant in scale than the examples quoted [49]. Even allowing for th\
e size and rural nature of the community of )Tj
T*
(Llanbedr [117], I conclude that the proposal is not "major development" \
falling within the intentions of Local Plan )Tj
T*
(Policy PC4 or Planning Guidance \(Wales\), Planning Policy.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_2 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 317.31895 Tm
(Other Matters and Overall Conclusion)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 288.56619 Tm
(176. Much has been said and written about shortcomings in consultation b\
y the main parties at the time of the )Tj
T*
(planning application and even during the subsequent appeal stage [84, 86\
, 92, 94, 104, 105, 106, 120 & 132]. This )Tj
T*
(certainly reflects badly on Welsh Water and, to a lesser extent, on the \
National Park Authority. However, the views )Tj
T*
(of the Community Council and local residents were taken into account by \
the National Park Authority in refusing to )Tj
T*
(grant planning permission, and they were well briefed at the public inqu\
iry and presented their views forcefully. I )Tj
T*
(have taken their views and comments into account in reaching my conclusi\
ons.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 192.34888 Tm
(177. Overall, I conclude that the proposal would be in accord with the d\
evelopment plan and national policies, would )Tj
T*
(provide significant benefits to water quality in estuary and coastal wat\
ers and benefits to tourism, and would not )Tj
T*
(unacceptably harm the character and appearance of this quiet rural area \
or the amenity of local residents or visiting )Tj
T*
(tourists. I do not accept the National Park Authority's arguments that t\
he design modifications made to the proposal )Tj
T*
(since the refusal of planning permission should not be considered at the\
appeal stage or that permission should not be )Tj
T*
(granted without calling for an Environmental Statement.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 96.13155 Tm
(178. I have taken into account all matters raised but they do not outwei\
gh the considerations that have led me to my )Tj
T*
(main conclusions. For the above reasons and having regard to all matters\
raised, I conclude that the appeal should be )Tj
T*
(allowed and planning permission be granted for the proposal as modified,\
subject to several necessary conditions.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_2 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 40.39296 Tm
(Conditions)Tj
ET
EMC
Q
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(179. It was generally agreed at the inquiry that the suggested condition\
s put forward by Welsh Water could form the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(basis for conditions attached to a grant of planning permission. Suggest\
ed Conditions 1-8 are similar to those )Tj
T*
(suggested by the Snowdonia National Park Authority, except that Conditio\
n 2 refers to the amended plans. Condition )Tj
T*
(3 should be omitted, as it is duplicated by Condition 5. And Condition 6\
should be supplemented by an additional )Tj
T*
(condition requiring the submission and approval of landscaping details. \
In view of the relatively simple nature of the )Tj
T*
(proposals, a simple condition would suffice, for example Model Condition\
20 of Circular 1/85 \(the old conditions )Tj
T*
(circular\). Condition 7 would benefit from clarification that it refers \
to protection of the trees during the construction )Tj
T*
(of the works. [78 & 101])Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 630.64178 Tm
(180. Suggested Conditions 9-13 deal with odour control and are necessary\
to ensure that the measures are installed )Tj
T*
(and calibrated prior to operation of the works and that they are subsequ\
ently operated to ensure effective odour )Tj
T*
(protection. The suggested informative is unnecessary. [79 & 102])Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 601.15749 574.9032 Tm
( )Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 553.68491 546.15045 Tm
(ANNEX B)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 517.39769 Tm
(CONDITIONS ATTACHED TO PLANNING PERMISSION OF 10 JANUARY 2002 RELATING T\
O PLANNING )Tj
T*
(APPLICATION NO. 5/62/236.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 475.15202 Tm
(1. The development to which this planning permission relates shall comme\
nce not later than the expiration of FIVE )Tj
T*
(years from the date of this permission.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 432.90636 Tm
(2. Unless agreed in writing with the Local Planning Authority the develo\
pment hereby permitted shall not be carried )Tj
T*
(out otherwise than in complete accordance with the details of the drawin\
gs NH00139/019/E; NH 00139/020/F and )Tj
T*
(NH00139/021/D.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 377.16777 Tm
(3. The roof of the existing 2 buildings and the proposed sludge thickene\
r and control building; RAS/SAS pumping )Tj
T*
(station; and inlet/storm pumping station shall be covered with blue-grey\
slates from Blaenau Ffestiniog area, or slates )Tj
T*
(with equivalent colour, texture and weathering characteristics as may be\
approved in writing by the Local Planning )Tj
T*
(Authority.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 307.93628 Tm
(4. Prior to any stonework commencing on the site, a trial stonework pane\
l including pointing not less than 2.OOmz )Tj
T*
(shall be constructed. No building operations in stone shall be carried o\
ut on the site unless and until the trial panel )Tj
T*
(has been inspected and approved in writing by the Local Planning Authori\
ty. The stonework of the building shall be )Tj
T*
(built in accordance with such an approved sample, unless the Local Plann\
ing Authority gives prior written approval )Tj
T*
(to any variation.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 225.21187 Tm
(5. All planting, seeding or turfing comprised in the approved details of\
landscaping shall be carried out in the first )Tj
T*
(planting and seeding seasons following the completion of the development\
and any trees or plants which within a )Tj
T*
(period of 5 years from the completion of the development die, are remove\
d or become seriously damaged or diseased )Tj
T*
(shall be replaced in the next planting season with other similar size an\
d species, unless the Local Planning Authority )Tj
T*
(gives written consent to any variation.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 142.48746 Tm
(6. No development shall take place until there has been submitted to and\
approved by the Local Planning Authority a )Tj
T*
(scheme of landscaping, which shall include indications of all existing t\
rees and hedgerows on the land, and details of )Tj
T*
(any to be retained, together with measures for their protection in the c\
ourse of development.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 86.74887 Tm
(7. For the purpose of the protection of trees during construction work a\
ll trees and hedgerows proposed to be height. )Tj
T*
(The fences shall be placed at the edge of the crown spread of the trees \
to be protected. No development or storage )Tj
T*
(shall take place on land adjoining such trees unless and until fences ha\
ve been erected. No materials shall be stored )Tj
T*
(within such fences. Fences shall be retained until the completion of the\
development referred to above.)Tj
ET
EMC
Q
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(8. External covers to the inlet works and any other works to be covered \
shall be coloured blue-grey BS18B25, unless )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(otherwise approved in writing by the Local Planning Authority.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 717.47643 Tm
(9. The external covers to the inlet works and any other covers forming p\
art of the development hereby permitted )Tj
T*
(shall be provided before the development hereby permitted is brought int\
o operation and shall remain in place during )Tj
T*
(the time the development hereby permitted is in operation.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 661.73785 Tm
(10. During commissioning of the works hereby permitted there shall be es\
tablished the level of HZS existing in the )Tj
T*
(headspace beneath the inlet covers \(provided as part of the works\) whi\
ch corresponds to a level of 1 mg/1 dissolved )Tj
T*
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(11. The works hereby permitted shall not be used until there shall have \
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(12. The works hereby permitted shall not be used until there shall have \
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(13. The levels of H2S beneath the inlet covers shall be recorded at appr\
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(14. The level of noise emitted from the Wastewater Treatment Works site \
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(Llanbedr Wastewater Treatment Works, Llanbedr)Tj
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(The appeal is made under section 78 of the Town and Country Planning Act\
1990 against a refusal to)Tj
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(grant planning permission.)Tj
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(The appeal is made by Welsh Water against the decision of the Snowdonia \
National Park Authority.)Tj
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(The application. \(ref: NP5/62/236\), dated 29 June 1998, was refused by\
notice dated 29 September)Tj
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(1999.)Tj
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(The development proposed is alterations and extensions:)Tj
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(Summary of Recommendation: The appeal be allowed and planning permission\
be granted subject to)Tj
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( )Tj
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(conditions. )Tj
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(Procedural Matters)Tj
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(1. Section 266 of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 refers to appli\
cations for planning permission by )Tj
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(statutory undertakers. It applies: - "\(a\) )Tj
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s hold or )Tj
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(propose to acquire an interest with a view to it being used for the purp\
ose of their carrying on their undertaking, )Tj
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(where the planning permission, if granted on the application or appeal, \
would be for development involving the use )Tj
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(of the land for that purpose" )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(and states that )Tj
/T1_3 1 Tf
("Where an appeal is made to the Secretary of State ... the appeal shall \
be )Tj
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(dealt with by the )Tj
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(Secretary of State and the appropriate Minister". )Tj
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(The National Assembly for Wales \(Transfer of )Tj
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(Functions\) Order 1999 transfers the functions of both the Secretary of \
State and the "appropriate )Tj
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(Minister" \(so far as they relate to water and sewerage undertakers\) to\
the National Assembly. However, such appeals )Tj
T*
(are excluded from the general transfer of jurisdiction to planning inspe\
ctors )Tj
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(under the Town and Country Planning \(Determination of Appeals by Appoin\
ted Persons\) \(Prescribed Classes\) )Tj
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(Regulations 1997.)Tj
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(2. I held a public inquiry into the appeal on 6 - 8 February 2001, and m\
y site visit was carried out on 8 February )Tj
T*
(2001. In addition to the appeal site, I visited the Fridd Rasus municipa\
l waste site \(at Penmorfa, near Harlech\), Welsh )Tj
T*
(Water's sewage pumping station at Harlech and the Glan y Mor public car \
park in the sand dunes at Harlech )Tj
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(\(possible area for siting of alternative wastewater treatment works\).)Tj
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(3. At the inquiry Welsh Water indicated that it wished to make an applic\
ation for an award of costs against the )Tj
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(Snowdonia National Park Authority, and the Authority responded that a co\
unter claim would be made. However, )Tj
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(after discussions amongst and between the parties, it was resolved that \
neither claim would be pursued.)Tj
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(4. This report includes descriptions of the application site and surroun\
dings, the gist of the representations made, my )Tj
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(appraisal and conclusions and my recommendations. Document references ar\
e shown in brackets, and in my )Tj
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(appraisal and conclusions the numbers in square brackets indicate the re\
levant paragraphs of the report. )Tj
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(Comprehensive lists of documents and plans are attached.)Tj
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(The Site and Surroundings )Tj
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(\(Document 6.1\))Tj
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(The appeal site of almost one hectare comprises the existing Llanbedr wa\
stewater treatment works and a small area of rough )Tj
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(grazing land lying between the existing works and the A496 Harlech to, B\
armouth road. It is situated approximately 750 )Tj
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(km south of Harlech, within the Snowdonia National Park. The land is fla\
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(with the Afon Artro immediately to the west, contained within)Tj
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(Report APP/H9504/A/00/1039926)Tj
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(raised flood protection embankments. Further to the west the Cambrian Co\
ast Railway Line runs on a low )Tj
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(embankment approximately 180 metres from the boundary of the site, and b\
eyond that the low-lying land extends to )Tj
T*
(the estuary and coast. On the eastern side of the A496 road the ground r\
ises steadily to the hills and mountains of the )Tj
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(National Park. \(Appendix HE of Document 6.2 and Plan Al\))Tj
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(6. There is a line of trees along the roadside boundary of the site, sma\
ll groups of trees within the northern, western )Tj
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(and south western boundaries and some trees to the east of the existing \
treatment works. Vehicular access to the )Tj
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(present works is by a stone track along the northern boundary.)Tj
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(7. There are a number of public footpaths in the vicinity of the appeal \
site. In particular, footpaths run along the tops )Tj
T*
(of the embankments on both sides of the river and over the footbridge ju\
st to the north west of the site. Another )Tj
T*
(footpath runs along the north-western and northern edges of the site fro\
m the footbridge to the road and continues )Tj
T*
(beyond the road in a north-easterly direction. \(Appendix HJ2 of Documen\
t 6.2\))Tj
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(8. The nearest houses to the site are approximately 160 metres to the so\
uth east and 250 metres)Tj
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/T1_0 1 Tf
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(to the south on the eastern side of the A496 road. At Pensarn Station, s\
ome 400 metres to the)Tj
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(north west, there is a small group of houses and an outward bound and wa\
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(centre.)Tj
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(9. The existing works provides preliminary and primary treatment to sewa\
ge from the Llanbedr settlement and )Tj
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(discharges the partially treated effluent into the adjacent Mon Artro, w\
hich is tidal at this point. The works contains a )Tj
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(series of concrete and pebbledash tanks, buildings, structures and items\
of plant of varying height, up to a maximum )Tj
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(of about 6 metres above ground level.)Tj
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(Proposals \(Document )Tj
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(6.1;)Tj
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(10. The proposal is to improve and extend the works to accommodate sewag\
e pumped from Harlech and Llandanwg, )Tj
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(in addition to that from the Llanbedr community, and to provide an impro\
ved standard of treatment with secondary )Tj
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(biological treatment and ultra violet disinfection processes being added\
. The proposal is part of a larger scheme, )Tj
T*
(which involves the closure of the existing primary treatment works at Ha\
rlech and Llandanwg and the transfer of )Tj
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(sewage to Llanbedr by means of pumping stations at each location and ris\
ing \(pumping\) mains. \(Document 9, )Tj
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(particularly Appendix 7\))Tj
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/T1_0 1 Tf
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(11. Planning permission \(Ref. NP5/66/38A\) was granted in November 1998\
for the redevelopment of Llandanwg )Tj
T*
(wastewater treatment works, including the proposed pumping station \(App\
endix HM of Document 6.2\). At Harlech )Tj
T*
(it is proposed to re-use the existing pumping station, located at Hwylfa\
r Nant opposite the fire station. The preferred )Tj
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(routes of the rising mains have yet to be determined. However, the route\
s currently anticipated are shown on an )Tj
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(illustrated plan submitted with the application \(Plan B\).)Tj
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(12. The proposed development at Llanbedr would involve the retention of \
the existing tanks, buildings, structures )Tj
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(and plant and the provision of new secondary treatment aeration tanks, f\
inal settlement tanks, storm tank, ultra violet )Tj
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(disinfection channel, sludge thickening and generator building, and vari\
ous associated tanks, pumping stations and )Tj
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(plant. The additional units would be located in the field between the pr\
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(sides and various landscaping measures aimed at substantially screening \
them from the view of passing motorists )Tj
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(and local residents. \(Plans Al-A4 and C1-C3\))Tj
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(2)Tj
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(Report APP/H9504/A/00/1039926)Tj
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(13. Following refusal of planning permission by the Snowdonia National P\
ark Authority in September 1999, the )Tj
T*
(Appellant submitted revised plans \(Plans Cl-C3\) in August 2000 that we\
re intended to supersede the original )Tj
T*
(application plans \(Plans A2-A4\). The revised plans incorporate changes\
to the proposals made both prior to the )Tj
T*
(determination of the application and since. Changes made prior to the ap\
plication being determined comprise )Tj
T*
(extension of the landscaped bunds and stone cladding of certain elevatio\
ns of the existing inlet works and mess room )Tj
T*
(buildings. Changes made more recently are of 2 sorts. Firstly, design re\
finements have resulted in the omission of 2 )Tj
T*
(tanks \(thickened sludge storage tank and surplus activated sludge \(SAS\
\) storage tank\), the omission of separate inlet )Tj
T*
(works for the sewage from Harlech and Llandanwg, the provision of a cove\
red balancing tank and screenings skip )Tj
T*
(located adjacent to the existing inlet works, and the addition of aerati\
on blower units adjacent to the aeration tanks. )Tj
T*
(Secondly, measures for the control of odours have been added. These comp\
rise covers for the existing inlet works, )Tj
T*
(channel and sludge tank, the addition of an odour control unit adjacent \
to the inlet works and the provision of an )Tj
T*
(odour control vent stack on the sludge thickener building.)Tj
ET
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(Planning Policy)Tj
ET
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(Development Plan Policies )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\(Documents 6.1 & 13\))Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
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/T1_0 1 Tf
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(14. The development plan comprises the Gwynedd Structure Plan, approved \
in 1993, and the Eryri Local Plan 1993 - )Tj
T*
(2003, adopted in November 1999. The Appellant has referred to several St\
ructure and Local Plan policies, and the )Tj
T*
(Authority does not dispute these.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
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(Structure Plan Policy SP4 requires regard to be had to the need to prote\
ct and enhance the marine, coastal, terrestrial )Tj
T*
(and atmospheric environments when considering development proposals. Pol\
icy D1 aims to protect and enhance the )Tj
T*
(environment of Gwynedd, particularly the Snowdonia National Park, Llyn a\
nd Ynys Mon Areas of Outstanding )Tj
T*
(Natural Beauty and the Heritage Coast. Policy D4 states that location, s\
iting and design should minimise any adverse )Tj
T*
(impact on the environment \(with an environmental statement being submit\
ted where appropriate\), and Policy D29 )Tj
T*
(seeks to ensure high standards of design.)Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
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(16. Structure Plan Policy D19 )Tj
/T1_3 1 Tf
("urges the National Rivers Authority )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\(now the Environment Agency\), )Tj
/T1_3 1 Tf
(Welsh Water )Tj
T*
(and other appropriate bodies to ensure that adequate and safe sewage dis\
posal facilities are available so that raw )Tj
T*
(sewage does not pollute the County's coastline and that all other forms \
of water and marine pollution are brought )Tj
T*
(within international standards". Policy )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(D20 presumes against development that would discharge effluent likely to\
)Tj
T*
(impair the quality of coastal or river water, increase levels of odour p\
ollution or introduce major noise or vibration )Tj
T*
(nuisance.)Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
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(17. The appeal site is unallocated in the Local Plan \(Appendix HJ15 of \
Document 6.2\) and is outside the )Tj
T*
(development boundary for Llanbedr. The Plan does not make any land use a\
llocation for wastewater treatment )Tj
T*
(facilities in Harlech, Llandanwg or Llanbedr. It contains several polici\
es of general application, particularly Policy )Tj
T*
(PCl on the general principles of development, Policy PC2 on sustainabili\
ty and Policy PC3 on the location and )Tj
T*
(design of new development.)Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
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(18. Local Plan Policy PC5 aims to avoid new development outside developm\
ent boundaries, though the preamble to )Tj
T*
(the policy permits exceptions for certain reasons, one of which is a com\
munity facility that cannot be located within )Tj
ET
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(a settlement. The Plan acknowledges that the delivery of public utilitie\
s is central to the viability and economic )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(vitality of local communities, and Policy CCl permits development of pub\
lic utilities subject to general criteria for )Tj
T*
(location, design and amenity.)Tj
ET
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( )Tj
ET
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(Report APP/H9504/A/00/1039926)Tj
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/T1_0 1 Tf
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(19. The National Park Authority has also referred to Local Plan Policy P\
C4, which presumes against major )Tj
T*
(development in the National Park, save in exceptional circumstances wher\
e specified criteria are met.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 607.00883 Tm
(National and Regional Policies )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\(Document 6.1)Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 578.25607 Tm
(20. The main parties also agree that several national and regional plann\
ing documents are material considerations. )Tj
T*
(\(Document 23\))Tj
ET
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/Lbl <>BDC
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/T1_0 1 Tf
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(21. )Tj
ET
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/LBody <>BDC
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/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 40.15749 536.01041 Tm
(Part III of the Environment Act 1995 defines the twin purposes of Nation\
al Parks as to conserve and enhance the natural )Tj
T*
(beauty, wildlife and cultural heritage of the areas and to promote oppor\
tunities for the understanding and enjoyment of the )Tj
T*
(special qualities of those areas by the public. It also specifies that N\
ational Park Authorities should seek to foster the )Tj
T*
(economic and social well being of local communities, whilst acknowledgin\
g that the conservation purpose carries the )Tj
T*
(highest priority.)Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 453.286 Tm
(22. Planning Guidance \(Wales\), Planning Policy, provides general guida\
nce on matters to be considered in regard to )Tj
T*
(planning applications. It includes reference to the views and perception\
s of local residents, the consideration of land )Tj
T*
(use planning matters by local planning authority members and the need fo\
r additional infrastructure facilities. The )Tj
T*
(latter is also the subject of Welsh Office Circular 62/91, "Water Indust\
ry Investment: Planning Considerations". This )Tj
T*
(Circular provides guidance to local planning authorities on the planning\
implications of the water industry's )Tj
T*
(investment programme aimed at enabling the industry to comply with natio\
nal and European law.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 357.06868 Tm
(23. Planning Guidance \(Wales\), Technical Advice Note 13 \(TAN13\), "To\
urism", recognises the major contribution )Tj
T*
(that tourism makes to the Welsh economy, and the North Wales Regional To\
urism Strategy 1998-2005 emphasises )Tj
T*
(the importance of maintaining and improving the standard of beaches in t\
he area. European Community \(EC\) )Tj
T*
(legislation aimed at improving the standard of bathing waters and other \
water quality matters is the driving force )Tj
T*
(behind Welsh Water's proposals. \(Document 9\))Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 274.34427 Tm
(24. The United Kingdom Government has adopted European Community Directi\
ves covering Bathing Waters, Urban )Tj
T*
(Wastewater Treatment, Shellfish and Habitats and is required to meet the\
objectives of those Directives. As a )Tj
T*
(consequence, Welsh Water is required to carry out certain operational im\
provements and to have regard to certain )Tj
T*
(environmental matters, either as a result of legal requirements of its l\
icence or prescribed regulatory requirements. )Tj
T*
(Two beaches at Harlech and Llandanwg are designated as EC Bathing Waters\
and are required to meet mandatory )Tj
T*
(water quality microbiological standards for total and faecal coliforms. \
In order to achieve "European Blue Flag" )Tj
T*
(status the bathing water quality must meet the far more stringent guidel\
ine microbiological standards for total and )Tj
T*
(faecal coliforms and faecal streptococci. \(Document 9\))Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
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(25. The Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive specifies the standard of w\
astewater treatment required before )Tj
T*
(effluent is discharged to coastal, estuary or inland waters. Whilst prim\
ary treatment is acceptable for discharges to )Tj
T*
(defined "less sensitive" waters in coastal areas, other discharges to co\
astal areas require full biological \(secondary\) )Tj
T*
(treatment. No area of Cardigan Bay has been designed as "less sensitive"\
, and so the Directive requires all significant )Tj
T*
(discharges to have been subject to biological treatment and significant \
discharges to estuaries to meet prescribed )Tj
T*
(numerical standards for Biochemical Oxygen Demand \(BOD\) and Chemical O\
xygen Demand \(COD\). \(Document 9\))Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 54.9238 Tm
( )Tj
ET
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(Report APP/H9504/A/00/1039926)Tj
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(26. With regard to the Shellfish Directives, there are designated shellf\
ish beds in the Dwyryd Estuary, and beds in )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the Afon Artro Estuary may be designated some time in the future. The Ha\
bitats Directive allows areas to be )Tj
T*
(designated as Special Areas of Conservation \(SAC\). There is a marine c\
andidate SAC in this part of Cardigan Bay, )Tj
T*
(the Pen Llyn ar Sarnau cSAC, which by designation gives international co\
nservation importance to the area on )Tj
T*
(account of estuaries and reefs. \(Document 9\))Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 649.98352 Tm
(27. The 1998 policy guidance document, "Raising the Quality", issued joi\
ntly by the Department of the Environment, )Tj
T*
(Transport and the Regions and the Welsh Office, takes into account the v\
arious EC Directives and clarifies )Tj
T*
(environmental and quality objectives to be achieved by the water industr\
y in England and Wales by 2005 \(The )Tj
T*
(Section on the Sewerage Service is reproduced in Appendix 3 of Document \
9\).)Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 580.75201 Tm
(28. Finally, reference is made to environmental impact legislation. At t\
he time of the planning application in June )Tj
T*
(1998 the Town and Country Planning \(Assessment of Environmental Effects\
\) Regulations 1988 were in force, )Tj
T*
(supported by Circular 15/88. The Town and Country Planning \(Environment\
al Impact Assessment\)\(England and )Tj
T*
(Wales\) Regulations 1999 apply to all applications received on or after \
14 March 1999 and are supported by Welsh )Tj
T*
(Office Circular 11/99. \(Document 13\))Tj
ET
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(The material points are:)Tj
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(Scheme Appraisal)Tj
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(29. The existing treatment works at Harlech, Llandanwg and Llanbedr all \
provide primary treatment before the )Tj
T*
(settled sewage is discharged to the local water environment. Llanbedr wa\
stewater treatment works serves a )Tj
T*
(population equivalent of some 600 in the summer and 350 in the winter an\
d discharges effluent to the tidal part of the )Tj
T*
(Afon Artro. Llandanwg works serves a population equivalent of some 1060 \
in the summer and 560 in the winter and )Tj
T*
(discharges to a short sea outfall close to shore and to the designated L\
landanwg bathing beach. Sewage from Harlech )Tj
T*
(\(population approximately 3100 in summer and 1800 in winter\) is curren\
tly pumped from the terminal pumping )Tj
T*
(station to a treatment facility in the sand dunes, next to the St David'\
s Golf Course, and is then discharged to a short )Tj
T*
(sea outfall on the Harlech bathing beach well above Mean Low Water Sprin\
g tide level. \(Document 9\))Tj
ET
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(30. Water quality monitoring at Harlech and Llandanwg over the past 6 ye\
ars shows that the EC Bathing Waters )Tj
T*
(Directive mandatory standards are generally passed but the guideline sta\
ndards are generally failed. However, at )Tj
T*
(Harlech the mandatory standards are only met with the aid of chlorine ba\
sed disinfection of the effluent, a measure )Tj
T*
(allowed by the Environment Agency only on a temporary basis. Long-term u\
se of this method can have adverse )Tj
T*
(environmental impacts due to the production of trihalomethanes. \(Docume\
nt 9\))Tj
ET
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(31. All 3 works need to be improved to provide at least secondary biolog\
ical treatment in order to comply with the )Tj
T*
(EC Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive, and other EC Directives affect \
requirements for further treatment and )Tj
T*
(the means of effluent disposal. Welsh Water has considered a wide range \
of options before deciding that the )Tj
T*
(proposed scheme, involving combined treatment for all of the sewage at L\
lanbedr, would be the best environmental )Tj
T*
(solution. \(Document 9\))Tj
ET
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(Report APP/H9504/A/00/1039926)Tj
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(32. Several options were considered for treatment at Harlech. Extension \
of the existing treatment facility in the sand )Tj
T*
(dunes would encroach into the Morfa Harlech Site of Special Scientific I\
nterest \(SSSI\) and the candidate Special )Tj
T*
(Area of Conservation \(cSAC\) and would suffer conflict with the golf co\
urse and access problems. The site of the )Tj
T*
(existing terminal pumping station is too small and is close to residenti\
al and other sensitive properties. The best site )Tj
T*
(for a new wastewater treatment works would be in the area to the north o\
f the Glan y Mor car park. However, )Tj
ET
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(locations for effluent discharge would be problematic. \(Document 9\))Tj
ET
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(33. Continued use of the existing discharge point on the designated bath\
ing beach would be unacceptable to the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Environment Agency, as it would not meet requirements for dilution and d\
ispersion. Extension of the outfall would )Tj
T*
(also not be acceptable due to the poor dispersion characteristics of thi\
s part of Tremadog Bay and the presence of the )Tj
T*
(Pen Llyn ar Sarnau cSAC, which has been nominated for its marine and geo\
logical value. Discharge to the land )Tj
T*
(drainage system, which flows northwards to the Afon y Glyn, would be una\
cceptable, as it becomes tide-locked. And )Tj
T*
(construction of a new outfall for discharge to the Dwyryd Estuary would \
be unacceptable, as it would affect the )Tj
T*
(Morfa Harlech National Nature Reserve and SSSI, the Pen Llyn ar Sarnau c\
SAC and a commercially important )Tj
T*
(shellfishery. \(Documents 6.1, 8 & 9\))Tj
ET
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(34. )Tj
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(An extended wastewater treatment works could be provided at Llandanwg bu\
t the existing sea outfall would not meet )Tj
T*
(Environment Agency requirements for dilution and would have to be extend\
ed or replaced. The Environment Agency has )Tj
T*
(indicated that it would prefer the treatment and discharge of sewage fro\
m Llandanwg to be linked with the proposed )Tj
T*
(solution for Harlech and discharge into the Afon Artro, particularly in \
view of the Pen Llyn ar Sarnau cSAC. \(Document 9\))Tj
ET
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(35. The preferred solution for treatment at Llanbedr is described in par\
agraphs 10-13 above. Although this section of )Tj
T*
(the Afon Artro is affected by the tide, the discharge would be subject t\
o the more onerous fresh water river criteria )Tj
T*
(applied by the Environment Agency. The proposal is supported by the Envi\
ronment Agency and the Countryside )Tj
T*
(Council for Wales as the best environmental option for dealing with the \
sewage generated by the 3 centres. )Tj
T*
(\(Appendices HJ9 and HJ10 of Document 6.2 and Document 9\))Tj
ET
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/T1_0 1 Tf
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(36. Several reports of Welsh Water's appraisal of options for the treatm\
ent and disposal of sewage in the area were )Tj
T*
(submitted to the Snowdonia National Park Authority during its considerat\
ion of the planning application. A bilingual )Tj
T*
(report summarising the context of the scheme was submitted in July 1998 \
\(Section 3 of Document 5\), and the )Tj
T*
(application was recommended for approval by the planning officer to the \
July 1998 planning committee meeting and, )Tj
T*
(following a site visit by the Inspection Panel, to the October 1998 plan\
ning committee meeting. The committee asked )Tj
T*
(for more information. \(Document 6.1\))Tj
ET
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(37. )Tj
ET
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11.24409 0 0 11.24409 40.15749 361.33154 Tm
(A more detailed "Review of Options" report was submitted in March 1999 \(\
Section 11 of Document 5\), following a detailed )Tj
T*
(review by consultants Symonds. It confirmed the proposed scheme as the p\
referred option and included reference to )Tj
T*
(consultation with the Environment Agency and the Countryside Council for\
Wales and their support for the proposal. The )Tj
T*
(application was presented to the planning committee in April 1999 and wa\
s again recommended for approval by the )Tj
T*
(planning officer. However, the committee resolved to ask Welsh Water to \
consider options other than standard sewage )Tj
T*
(treatment works. \(Document 6.1\))Tj
ET
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( )Tj
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11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 236.36147 Tm
( )Tj
ET
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11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 207.60872 Tm
( )Tj
ET
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11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 178.85596 Tm
( )Tj
ET
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( )Tj
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(Report APP/H9504/A/00/1039926)Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
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/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 92.59769 Tm
(38. In June 1999 a further report was submitted \(Section 17 of Document\
5\) explaining a wide range of sewage )Tj
T*
(treatment methods, including reed beds, wetland systems, "living machine\
" systems and composting, as requested by )Tj
T*
(the Authority. The report explained why these alternative methods were i\
mpractical in this area. The application was )Tj
T*
(reconsidered by the planning committee in September 1999 with a further \
officer recommendation for approval but )Tj
T*
(was refused. \(Document 6.1\))Tj
ET
EMC
Q
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(39. It is worth mentioning some of the methods referred to. The treatmen\
t of sewage on land requires large areas of )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(land and may be subject to groundwater contamination and ponding on the \
surface. Similarly, reed beds and )Tj
T*
("wetland systems" need considerable areas of land; and a means of efflue\
nt disposal is still required. Composting is )Tj
T*
(feasible for dealing with sewage sludge \(i.e. the solid material extrac\
ted from the sewage during the treatment )Tj
T*
(process\) but not sewage itself. Similarly, methane generation and the p\
roduction of biomass for fuels are based on )Tj
T*
(the use of sludge rather than untreated sewage. \(Section 17 of Document\
5\))Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 655.86069 Tm
(Amended Proposals)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 627.10793 Tm
(40. The application was refused for the following reason: )Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
("The Snowdonia National Park Authority Planning )Tj
T*
(Committee are not satisfied that the application provides for sufficient\
means to ensure that the proposed )Tj
T*
(development will operate without significant loss of amenity to neighbou\
rs by reason of unpleasant odours". )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\(Section )Tj
T*
(20 of Document 5\))Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 557.87643 Tm
(41. During the course of the appeal Welsh Water has submitted revised de\
sign proposals for the alterations and )Tj
T*
(extensions of the Llanbedr works \(Plans CI-C3\). These include provisio\
n for the control of odours at the works as )Tj
T*
(well as other alterations, as explained in paragraph 13 above. However, \
the Authority maintains that these alterations )Tj
T*
(are so significant that they should not be considered under this appeal.\
)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 488.64493 Tm
(42. It is common ground that alterations and modifications to an applica\
tion can be considered at the appeal stage )Tj
T*
(provided they are not substantial or significant \(Document 24.1\). In t\
his case they are not. The alterations made to )Tj
T*
(the proposal since the Authority's refusal of planning permission amount\
to either the deletion of certain units or the )Tj
T*
(addition of items of minor impact. The proposed additional balancing tan\
k and screenings skip would be relatively )Tj
T*
(small and at low levels \(South Elevation on Plan C3\). At the inquiry i\
t was explained that the proposed additional )Tj
T*
(inlet odour control unit would be housed in a glass reinforced plastic \(\
GRP\) kiosk about 2 metres high, with a vent )Tj
T*
(stack protruding a further metre, and that the aeration blower units wou\
ld be small and only about one metre high )Tj
T*
(\(see elevations on Plan C3\). The vent stack added to the sludge thicke\
ner and control building and the low GRP )Tj
T*
(covers added to the inlet channel would be insignificant. \(Document 6.1\
\))Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 351.94887 Tm
(43. It has always been anticipated that odour control measures would be \
included in the proposed alterations at the )Tj
T*
(works, and the repeated recommendations of the National Park Authority's\
officers that planning permission be )Tj
T*
(granted were subject to conditions that odour control plans b6 submitted\
for approval and that GRP covers were )Tj
T*
(included on certain tanks. The inclusion of these measures in the revise\
d proposals now put forward, along with )Tj
T*
(other minor changes, does not amount to significant change or substantia\
l difference. Consequently, the appeal may )Tj
T*
(be considered on the basis of the revised proposals. \(Documents 6.1 & )Tj
/T1_3 1 Tf
(24.1\))Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 255.73155 Tm
(Policy Support)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 226.97879 Tm
(44. It is common ground that the proposal is generally in accord with de\
velopment plan policy and is supported by )Tj
T*
(both development plan and national policies. It would protect and enhanc\
e the various environmental elements )Tj
T*
(referred to in Structure Plan policies SP4, D1)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 171.2402 Tm
(Report APP/H9504/A/00/1039926)Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 142.48746 Tm
(and D4 and would meet the general criteria for good design and acceptabl\
e impact on surroundings and nearby )Tj
T*
(residents required by Structure Plan Policy D29 and Local Plan policies \
PC3, PC5 and CC 1. The proposal would )Tj
T*
(contribute towards the sustainability aims of Local Plan Policy PC2 by e\
nhancing the quality of the environment, )Tj
T*
(making best use of an existing operational site and its plant and equipm\
ent, incorporating good design and )Tj
T*
(minimising vehicular movements for future operations. \(Document 6.1\))Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 59.76305 Tm
(45. The provision of improved sewage disposal facilities and the avoidan\
ce of coastal pollution would support the )Tj
T*
(aims of Structure Plan policies D19 and D20 and Local Plan Policy PC 1. \
It would also enable compliance to be )Tj
T*
(achieved with the various EC Directives and the UK provisions of the Bat\
hing Waters \(Classification\) Regulations )Tj
ET
EMC
Q
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(1991 and the Urban Wastewater Treatment \(England and Wales\) Regulation\
s 1994. By helping local beaches to meet )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the "Blue Flag" accreditation, the proposal would be of significant bene\
fit to tourism in the area in support of the )Tj
T*
(North Wales Regional Tourism Strategy 1998-2005 \(Section HJ17 of Docume\
nt 6.2\) and the purposes of the )Tj
T*
(National Park. \(Document 6.1\))Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 692.22919 Tm
(46. The only policy matter contended by the National Park Authority rela\
tes to the scale of the proposal. It argues )Tj
T*
(that it should be considered as "major development" against the advice i\
n paragraph 5.3.8 of Planning Guidance )Tj
T*
(\(Wales\), Planning Policy, that )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
("Major developments should not take place in National Parks, save in exc\
eptional )Tj
T*
(circumstances of proven national interest". )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(Local Plan Policy PC4 also presumes against major development in the )Tj
T*
(National Park. \(Document 13\))Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 609.50478 Tm
(47. Planning Guidance \(Wales\), Planning Policy, does not include any d\
efinition of "major development" and, in )Tj
T*
(presenting this argument, the Authority has relied on the definition of \
"major development' 'in Article 8 of the Town )Tj
T*
(and Country Planning \(General Development Procedure\) Order 1995. Howev\
er, this definition is only intended to )Tj
T*
(apply to Article 8 itself, which deals with publicity for planning appli\
cations; Article 8\(7\), which lists various )Tj
T*
(definitions, specifically begins )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
("In this article... ". )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\(Document 6.1\))Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 526.78036 Tm
(48. The Authority presented the same case for definition of "major devel\
opment" in regard to the national guidance )Tj
T*
(and to Local Plan Policy PC4 in the deposit version of the Local Plan \(\
Section HJ18 of Document 6.2\). However, )Tj
T*
(this approach was rejected by the Local Plan Inspector in his Report on \
Objections \(Section HJ19 of Document 6.2\). )Tj
T*
(He considered that the Authority was misdirecting itself and the public \
by including this definition, as the purpose of )Tj
T*
(Article 8 is to define the forms of application that must be publicised \
and not to define "major development" for the )Tj
T*
(purposes of planning policy in the Snowdonia National Park. \(Document 6\
.1\))Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 430.56305 Tm
(49. The adopted version of the Local Plan takes "major development" to m\
ean )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
("development which is national rather )Tj
T*
(than local in character or that which will have a very significant and l\
ong term impact on the landscape, wildlife or )Tj
T*
(cultural heritage of the Park because of its scale" )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\(Section HJ20 of Document 6.2\). It gives examples of the type of )Tj
T*
(development likely to fall within the meaning of "major development". Th\
e current proposal is not national in )Tj
T*
(character or likely to have a long-term impact on the landscape, wildlif\
e or cultural heritage of the Park. And it )Tj
T*
(would be much less significant in scale than the examples quoted. Theref\
ore, using the adopted Local Plan )Tj
T*
(definition, the proposal would not amount to "major development" and wou\
ld not contravene the presumptions of )Tj
T*
(Local Plan Policy PC4 or of Planning Guidance \(Wales\), Planning Policy\
. \(Document 6.1\))Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
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/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 307.35989 Tm
(Report APP/H9504/A/00/1039926)Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_2 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 278.60713 Tm
(Odour)Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 249.85439 Tm
(50. The Authority's sole reason for refusing the planning application wa\
s concern about the possibility of unpleasant )Tj
T*
(odours occurring. In supporting its decision the Authority has referred \
to a 1999 appeal decision concerning an )Tj
T*
(application for extensions to a sewage works at Llanasa in Flintshire \(\
Ref.APP/A6835/A/98/511919\). The Inspector )Tj
T*
(concluded that )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
("insufficient evidence has been put forward to demonstrate conclusively \
that it would be possible )Tj
T*
(adequately to safeguard the local community from odours". )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(However, that situation was somewhat different from the )Tj
T*
(current proposal as that scheme straddled the boundary between Flintshir\
e and Denbighshire, and the Inspector was )Tj
T*
(concerned about the enforceability of odour control conditions in the ne\
ighbouring local planning authority area. )Tj
T*
(\(Documents 6.1 & 13\))Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 126.65123 Tm
(51. It is interesting to note the Inspector's comments in the same appea\
l decision concerning the narrow view )Tj
T*
(expressed that sewage from Prestatyn should be treated in Prestatyn. He \
acknowledged that Welsh Water would have )Tj
T*
(difficulty in fulfilling its statutory function if parochial community v\
iews were always to prevail. This parochial view )Tj
T*
(has been a feature of objections expressed by local residents at Llanbed\
r. \(Documents 6.1 & 13\))Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 57.41974 Tm
(52. Welsh Water has always acknowledged that odour abatement measures wo\
uld be needed in order to ensure that )Tj
T*
(odour nuisance would not arise. The covering letter for the planning app\
lication and subsequent scheme appraisal )Tj
ET
EMC
Q
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(reports submitted to the Authority \(Sections HJ5 and HJ6 of Document 5\)\
advised that a specialist odour consultant )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was to be appointed to advise on this aspect. Welsh Water's March 1997 H\
arlech, Llandanwg and Llanbedr Sewage )Tj
T*
(Treatment Feasibility Study report \(extract in Section HJ14 of Document\
6.2\) acknowledged that the scheme would )Tj
T*
(have the potential to cause odour nuisance but concluded that by careful\
design and operation of the new facilities, )Tj
T*
(odour nuisance could be avoided. The Authority did not ask for any more \
information on odour control before it )Tj
T*
(made its decision, and at all stages of its consideration the Authority'\
s officers advised it that odour control measures )Tj
T*
(could be dealt with by means of appropriate conditions. \(Document 6.1\)\
)Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 651.75044 Tm
(53. In order to provide assurance that odour nuisance would be avoided W\
elsh Water has subsequently )Tj
T*
(commissioned an odour control and impact assessment study by OdourNet UK\
Ltd \(Document 11\). This was carried )Tj
T*
(out by Mr Houseman, who presented evidence at the public inquiry \(Docum\
ent 10\).)Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 596.01186 Tm
(54. Septicity commonly occurs in long rising mains where there is inadeq\
uate ventilation and aeration of the sewage )Tj
T*
(to prevent anaerobic conditions developing \(i.e. conditions where there\
is no oxygen contained within the sewage\). )Tj
T*
(This would inevitably occur in the long pumping mains from Harlech and L\
landanwg to Llanbedr and, if measures to )Tj
T*
(counter it were not taken, the sewage arriving at the Llanbedr sewage wo\
rks for treatment would contain high )Tj
T*
(concentrations of hydrogen sulphide and other malodorous sulphur compoun\
ds. This would cause problems with the )Tj
T*
(initial treatment process at the works and, if not contained, would give\
rise to release of unpleasant smells. )Tj
T*
(\(Document 10\))Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 486.30162 Tm
(55. In order to avoid these circumstances arising several measures are p\
roposed, which would adequately prevent )Tj
T*
(septicity occurring in the pumping mains and contain any residual smells\
at the sewage works itself. Septicity would )Tj
T*
(be prevented in the rising mains themselves by dosing the sewage with a \
proprietary chemical called Nutriox, which )Tj
T*
(contains nitrate in the form of calcium nitrate. This provides a replace\
ment source of oxygen for bacteria within the )Tj
T*
(sewage that is more readily available than the oxygen within the dissolv\
ed sulphates in the)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 403.57722 Tm
( )Tj
ET
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/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 374.82446 Tm
(Report APP/H9504/A/00/1039926)Tj
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/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 346.0717 Tm
(sewage. Consequently, the bacteria turn to this source of oxygen rather \
than the sulphates, and so breakdown of the )Tj
T*
(sulphates into odorous compounds is avoided. \(Document 10\))Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
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/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 303.82603 Tm
(56. A small stock of Nutriox would be held at the proposed Harlech and L\
landanwg pumping stations and would be )Tj
T*
(dosed into the sewage by means of small dosing pumps. Dosing would be au\
tomatically controlled based on regular )Tj
T*
(monitoring of the sewage flows and odour levels, and reliable operation \
of the system would be ensured by the )Tj
T*
(provision of duty and standby pumps with an automatic changeover facilit\
y, telemetry alarms and regular )Tj
T*
(maintenance and testing. The dosing pumps, controls and Nutriox chemical\
storage would be contained within the )Tj
T*
(pumping stations at Harlech and Llandanwg. These installations would ens\
ure that sewage arriving at the proposed )Tj
T*
(works from Harlech and Llandanwg would not be septic or unacceptably odo\
rous. Such dosing installations are well )Tj
T*
(proven, and many are already in operation in Wales and elsewhere. \(Docu\
ment 10\))Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
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/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 180.62289 Tm
(57. Other measures would also be installed at the works itself. In the f\
irst place an iron salts dosing system \(e.g. iron )Tj
T*
(sulphide or iron chloride\) would be installed as a standby against the \
unlikely failure of the Nutriox dosing system )Tj
T*
(providing adequate control over septicity. This would dose iron salts in\
to the inlet works and would be activated )Tj
T*
(automatically in response to continuous odour monitoring. \(Document 11\)\
)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 111.39139 Tm
(58. The balancing tank, inlet pumps, screens and channels at the works w\
ould be covered with a GRP cover to )Tj
T*
(contain any gases and odours emanating from the incoming sewage flow. Th\
e gases would be vented to the )Tj
T*
(atmosphere through filters to remove any remaining odours. All sludge ha\
ndling, thickening and storage facilities )Tj
T*
(would be enclosed within a building, and again gases would be vented to \
the atmosphere through filters. All other )Tj
T*
(stages would be designed to minimise the risk of odour nuisance, for exa\
mple by using fine bubble air diffusers for )Tj
T*
(the secondary treatment oxidation ditch in order to minimise surface tur\
bulence. \(Document 10\))Tj
ET
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(59. Modelling has been carried out to assess the likely impact of the pr\
oposed works in terms of odour nuisance. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Accepted standard techniques for atmospheric dispersion modelling have b\
een used based on local topographic data, )Tj
T*
(local meteorological data from the nearest station and the anticipated o\
perational regime. A comparison has been )Tj
T*
(carried out between the existing works and the appeal proposal. The resu\
lts \(illustrated in Document 10, figures 1-4\) )Tj
T*
(indicate that odour emission rates would be only about a quarter those o\
f the existing works. Odour at a )Tj
T*
(concentration likely to cause annoyance would be localised within the tr\
eatment works site, and odour at a lower )Tj
T*
(level that may cause annoyance would only extend to the adjoining road f\
or a small proportion of the time. )Tj
T*
(\(Document 10\))Tj
ET
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/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 634.17564 Tm
(60. Residential properties are some distance away )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(from the site and would )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(be well outside the contours of influence )Tj
T*
(assessed from the modelling exercise. The proposed works would be far le\
ss odorous than the existing works, which )Tj
T*
(is already generally low because of its small size. Odour 4nnoyance woul\
d not be expected to occur from the )Tj
T*
(proposed works. \(Document 10\))Tj
ET
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/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 564.94415 Tm
(61. The National Park Authority has produced no evidence to support its \
refusal on grounds of odour, and its )Tj
T*
(consultant technical adviser, Mr Grant of the Smith Grant Partnership, h\
as evaluated and accepted the OdourNet )Tj
T*
(report. He has advised that )Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
("it seems unlikely that adverse impacts will be experienced at neighbour\
ing residential )Tj
T*
(properties, \(though\) occasional impacts may occur on the footpath adja\
cent to the western boundary of the works. )Tj
T*
(However, due to the intermittent use of the path, any impact will be les\
s significant than that due to similar odour )Tj
T*
(concentrations at a residential properly". )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(His final conclusion is that )Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
("subject to clarification of ...\(certain\) matters, )Tj
T*
(it appears likely that odour emissions from)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 455.23392 Tm
(Report APP/H9504/A/00/1039926)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_2 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 426.48116 Tm
(the proposed development can be adequately controlled". )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(At the inquiry Mr Hughes confirmed that he was also )Tj
T*
(satisfied with the proposed odour control measures. \(Smith Grant report\
attached to Document 14\))Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_3 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 384.23549 Tm
(Noise)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 355.48273 Tm
(62. Although not referred to at the time of refusal of the application, \
the National Park Authority has now raised )Tj
T*
(concerns about noise, particularly in regard to fans proposed for the ve\
ntilation systems for odour control. The )Tj
T*
(Authority has referred to problems experienced at Porthmadog treatment p\
lant \(Document 12\). At the inquiry it was )Tj
T*
(explained that fans at Porthmadog were installed in mild steel casings a\
nd that at Llanbedr it would be proposed to )Tj
T*
(use smaller, modern fans in plastic housings. At Porthmadog the fans are\
in line with a nearby house, whose )Tj
T*
(occupants have been disturbed. At Llanbedr one of the fans would be insi\
de the sludge handling building and the )Tj
T*
(other \(to serve the inlet works\) would be located behind earth bunding\
and within an insulated housing.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 245.77249 Tm
(63. Comments have also been made about the possibility of noise at the H\
arlech pumping station, which is close to )Tj
T*
(residential properties. However, although the planned pumps there would \
be more powerful than those presently )Tj
T*
(installed, any noise could be adequately controlled. At the public inqui\
ry Mr Hughes confirmed that he was not )Tj
T*
(aware of any complaints concerning noise from the present pumps at Harle\
ch.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 176.541 Tm
(64. Concerns about possible noise could be addressed by the imposition o\
f appropriate conditions to a grant of )Tj
T*
(planning permission. At the inquiry Mr Hughes confirmed that the noise l\
imit included in conditions suggested by )Tj
T*
(Welsh Water would be acceptable in preventing nuisance to local resident\
s from noise. \(Documents 21 & 24.1\))Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_3 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 120.80241 Tm
(Flooding)Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
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/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 92.04965 Tm
(65. Several local residents have expressed concern about the possibility\
of the treatment works getting flooded and )Tj
T*
(giving rise to pollution carried in the floodwater. It was confirmed at \
the inquiry that the site has flooded on )Tj
T*
(occasions in the past. However, the present works has been designed to e\
nsure that tanks are protected from )Tj
T*
(floodwater, and flooding has not caused any problems to the operation of\
the works. Interestingly, none of the local )Tj
T*
(residents has reported pollution occurring in the past, and the Environm\
ent Agency has not commented on this )Tj
ET
EMC
Q
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(matter. The proposed alterations and extensions to the works would be de\
signed to take account of the low-lying )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(nature of the site in the same way as the present works were.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
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/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 719.21501 Tm
(Environmental Impact Assessment )Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
(\(Document 6.1\))Tj
ET
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/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 690.46225 Tm
(66. At the time of its submission the planning application was subject t\
o consideration under the Town and Country )Tj
T*
(Planning \(Assessment of Environmental Effects\) Regulations 1988. The p\
roposal fell well below the threshold )Tj
T*
(suggested in Welsh Office Circular 15/88 for infrastructure projects req\
uiring environmental assessment, and the )Tj
T*
(application was submitted without an environmental statement. The Snowdo\
nia National Park Authority could have )Tj
T*
(notified the applicant that an environmental statement was required but \
did not do so.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 607.73785 Tm
(67. The National Park Authority are now arguing that the appeal proposal\
s should be subject to screening under the )Tj
T*
(Town and Country Planning \(Environmental Impact Assessment\)\(England a\
nd Wales\) Regulations 1999 on account )Tj
T*
(of the amendments now put forward for consideration. However, the 1999 R\
egulations do not apply retrospectively )Tj
T*
(to applications made before 14 March 1999 or to appeals associated with \
such applications, and it would be ultra )Tj
T*
(vires to so consider them.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 525.01344 Tm
(Report APP/H9504/A/00/1039926)Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 496.26068 Tm
(68. It has also been suggested at the public inquiry that Welsh Water ma\
y have submitted the planning application in )Tj
T*
(June 1998 for the purpose of avoiding having to comply with the 1999 Reg\
ulations. This is completely unfounded )Tj
T*
(and is firmly refuted.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 440.52209 Tm
(69. The need for environmental impact assessment for the other elements \
of the overall scheme has been questioned. )Tj
T*
(There are 4 other elements: the 2 pumping stations at Harlech and Llanda\
nwg; and the 2 pumping mains to Llanbedr. )Tj
T*
(Planning permission has already been granted for the pumping station at \
Llandanwg \(Appendix HJ4 of Document )Tj
T*
(6.2\), and the National Park Authority has advised that the proposed wor\
ks at Harlech Pumping Station are unlikely to )Tj
T*
(need planning permission as they are considered to be permitted developm\
ent under Class A\(e\) of Part 16 to )Tj
T*
(Schedule 2 of the Town and Country Planning \(General Permitted Developm\
ent\) Order 1995 \(letter in Appendix HJ3 )Tj
T*
(of Document 6.2\).)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 330.81186 Tm
(70. Similarly, it is not expected that planning permission would be need\
ed for the rising mains, as they would enjoy )Tj
T*
(permitted development rights under Class A\(a\) of the same part of the \
Order. However if, when the routes are )Tj
T*
(finalised, it were held that they may have significant environmental eff\
ects and that environmental impact )Tj
T*
(assessment were needed, then a planning application accompanied by an en\
vironmental statement would be )Tj
T*
(submitted at that time. As Welsh Water would not go ahead with the propo\
sed works at Llanbedr without the rising )Tj
T*
(mains, the current appeal would not prejudice environmental impact asses\
sment for the rising mains, if it were )Tj
T*
(required.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 221.10162 Tm
(Risks to Health and the Environment)Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 192.34888 Tm
(71. An ecological and badger survey was carried out in May 1998, and a r\
eport on it was submitted as part of the )Tj
T*
(planning application \(Section 4 of Document 5\). The report did not ide\
ntify any flora or fauna of ecological interest )Tj
T*
(that would be likely to be affected by the proposed development. \(Docum\
ent 6.1\))Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 136.61029 Tm
(72. Effluent discharge to the Afon Artro would be of a considerably bett\
er quality than at present and, even allowing )Tj
T*
(for discharge quantities of about 8 times the present discharge, the pol\
luting effect would be substantially reduced. )Tj
T*
(The increased discharge would only represent about 0.5% of the average d\
aily flow of the river. At the inquiry it was )Tj
T*
(reported that the discharge consent for the current works specifies a ma\
ximum suspended solids content of 200 mg/1 )Tj
T*
(and that the discharge consent for the proposed works would be 25mg/1 bi\
ological oxygen demand \(BOD\) and 35 )Tj
T*
(mg/l suspended solids. The additional biological treatment and UV disinf\
ection stages would also kill an estimated )Tj
T*
(1,000-10,000 times as many coliforms than the present process, so bacter\
iological pollution of the Afon Artro would )Tj
T*
(be substantially reduced. Overall, the discharge to the river would be c\
leaner and less risk to health or the )Tj
ET
EMC
Q
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(environment. \(Documents 6.1 & 24.1\))Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 732.70793 Tm
(Visual Amenity )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\(Documents 6.1 & 7\))Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 703.95517 Tm
(73. Prior tb the Authority determining the planning application, 2 measu\
res were added to improve the appearance of )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the proposed development. The )Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
(landscaped earth bund proposed )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(between the highway and the appeal site would )Tj
T*
(be extended along the northern and southern boundaries to provide more e\
xtensive screening, and some faces of the )Tj
T*
(2 existing buildings would be clad in natural stone to improve their app\
earance. All new buildings would also be )Tj
T*
(built in natural stone with slate roofs.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 621.23076 Tm
(Report APP/H9504/A/00/1039926)Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 592.47801 Tm
(74. Although visual amenity is not a matter in dispute, Welsh Water has \
commissioned a visual assessment of the )Tj
T*
(proposed development, and a report has been provided dated October 2000 \
\(Document 7\). The report concluded that )Tj
T*
(the proposed development would not result in any discernible difference \
to the overall landscape. There would be a )Tj
T*
(moderate change to the localised view from the road alongside the site, \
from nearby footpaths, particularly those )Tj
T*
(along the riverbanks and along the north-western edge of the site, and f\
rom the railway line. However, these would )Tj
T*
(reduce as landscaping and proposed additional planting became establishe\
d over a period of about 15 years.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 496.26068 Tm
(Public Consultation and Perceptions )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\(Document 24.1\))Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 467.50792 Tm
(75. The Community Council and some local residents have criticised the a\
mount of consultation carried out. To a )Tj
T*
(large extent such criticism should be directed towards the National Park\
Authority rather than Welsh Water. It is also )Tj
T*
(evident that much of the criticism by local residents is directed at the\
principle of bringing sewage from Harlech to )Tj
T*
(be treated at Llanbedr. This is clearly expressed in the wording of the \
petition submitted at the inquiry by the )Tj
T*
(Community Council \(Document 15\).)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 384.78352 Tm
(76. Public perception of risk is acknowledged as a material consideratio\
n in land use planning matters. However, in )Tj
T*
(this case that perception is not well founded and should be given little\
weight. A recent appeal decision for a landfill )Tj
T*
(gas power station at Ruabon deals with public perception of risk in a si\
milar way \(Document 24.2\).)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 329.04494 Tm
(Human Rights)Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 300.29218 Tm
(77. Finally, reference has been made to the possibility of serious smell\
nuisance affecting local residents' rights under )Tj
T*
(Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights, i.e. the right to \
respect for private and family life and for the )Tj
T*
(home. The same Ruabon appeal decision \(Document 24.2\) concluded that s\
imilar concerns were not well founded )Tj
T*
(because the degree of interference was insufficient to give rise to a vi\
olation of local residents' rights. In the current )Tj
T*
(appeal case, smell nuisance would be minimal and the proposal would resu\
lt in considerable environmental benefits. )Tj
T*
(\(Document 24.1\))Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
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/T1_1 1 Tf
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(Conditions)Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
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/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 175.3221 Tm
(78. Welsh Water put forward a suggested list of conditions at the inquir\
y \(Document 21\). Condition 2 refers to the )Tj
T*
(amended plans \(Plans Cl-C3\). At the inquiry it was agreed that Conditi\
on 3 would not be necessary, as it would )Tj
T*
(duplicate Condition 5 and that Condition 6 would need to be supplemented\
by an additional landscaping condition )Tj
T*
(requiring the submission and approval of details. It was also agreed tha\
t Condition 7 would benefit from clarification )Tj
T*
(that it referred to protection during the construction period.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 92.59769 Tm
(79. The suggested "informative" could be applied as a condition if consi\
dered necessary, and the suggested )Tj
T*
(management plan would be expected to cover actions required of Welsh Wat\
er in the event of problems occurring. )Tj
T*
(Finally, suggested Condition 14 is derived from advice in Planning Guida\
nce \(Wales\), Technical Advice Note )Tj
T*
(\(TAN\) 11, "Noise". Welsh Water would prefer a condition of this sort r\
ather than reference to British Standards, as )Tj
T*
(suggested by Mr Hughes on behalf of the National Park Authority. Referen\
ce to "measured or calculated" would also )Tj
ET
EMC
Q
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ET
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(Report APP/H9504/A/00/1039926)Tj
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(Case for Snowdonia National Park Authority)Tj
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(The material points are:)Tj
ET
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/T1_2 1 Tf
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(Planning Policy)Tj
ET
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/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 617.6969 Tm
(80. The Snowdonia National Park Authority does not dispute the statutory\
and policy considerations submitted by )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Welsh Water, except in regard to whether or not the proposal should be c\
onsidered to be "major development". In all )Tj
T*
(other respects policy considerations within the National Park do not pro\
hibit development of this nature at this )Tj
T*
(location. \(Document 23\))Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
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/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 548.46541 Tm
(Paragraph 5.3.8 of Planning Guidance \(Wales\), Planning Policy, advises\
that "Major developments should not take )Tj
T*
(place in National Parks, save in exceptional circumstances )Tj
/T1_3 1 Tf
(of )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(proven national interest". The definition of "major )Tj
T*
(development" in Article 8 of the Town and Country Planning \(General Dev\
elopment Procedure\) Order 1995 includes )Tj
T*
("waste development", which it further defines as "any operational develo\
pment designed to be used wholly or mainly )Tj
T*
(for the purpose )Tj
/T1_3 1 Tf
(of, )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(or a material change )Tj
/T1_3 1 Tf
(of )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(use to, treating, storing, processing or disposing )Tj
/T1_3 1 Tf
(of )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(refuse or waste )Tj
T*
(materials". The proposal falls within this definition and is major devel\
opment in the open countryside in the National )Tj
T*
(Park. Such development requires special justification and very careful c\
onsideration. \(Document 13\))Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 438.75517 Tm
(82. The nature of the scheme as major development is also illustrated by\
the national and international implications )Tj
T*
(of it not proceeding. The prime consideration for implementation of the \
scheme is to meet the requirements of EC )Tj
T*
(Directives and to gain "European Blue Flag" status for the designated ba\
thing beaches at Harlech and Llandanwg. )Tj
T*
(Welsh Water has known for some time that the 3 existing treatment facili\
ties are unsatisfactory. However, the )Tj
T*
(catalyst for the proposed improvements has primarily involved the avoida\
nce of huge financial penalties being )Tj
T*
(imposed nationally in the event of continued failure to meet EC standard\
s in relation to bathing waters. Without the )Tj
T*
(proposed improvements the standards would be unlikely to be met, and cle\
arly the scheme is of national significance )Tj
T*
(and must be considered to be of major importance. \(Document 23\))Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_2 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 315.55202 Tm
(Alternative Schemes)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 286.79927 Tm
(83. Aspects of alternative sites and alternative methods should have bee\
n examined in far greater detail at an initial )Tj
T*
(stage, and a site visit to the Fridd Rasus municipal waste disposal site\
is welcomed in this regard. The advice on )Tj
T*
(waste treatment and disposal in paragraph 14 of Planning Guidance \(Wale\
s\), Planning Policy, and on development in )Tj
T*
(environmentally sensitive locations in paragraph 36 of Welsh Office Circ\
ular 11/99, "Environmental Impact )Tj
T*
(Assessment \(EIA\)", is relevant. \(Document 23\))Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 204.07486 Tm
(84. Like the Community Council and local residents, the National Park Au\
thority feels it has not had an opportunity )Tj
T*
(to consider in depth many of the important issues now revealed in relati\
on to the proposed scheme as a whole. There )Tj
T*
(is a perception of cynicism on the part of Welsh Water in making an appl\
ication that did not meet environmental )Tj
T*
(considerations in regard to odour and possibly in avoiding the implicati\
ons of the 1999 environmental impact )Tj
T*
(regulations that came into force a few months later. \(Document 23\))Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 121.35045 Tm
(85. If Welsh Water's aim were only to rectify current defects at the Lla\
nbedr treatment works, rather than implement )Tj
T*
(the wider Harlech/Llandanwg/Llanbedr scheme, then the significant change\
s proposed at Llanbedr would not be )Tj
T*
(necessary. Required improvements would be much more modest, and it may e\
ven have been possible to rectify the )Tj
T*
(defects without the need for a planning application. \(Documents 9 & 23\)\
)Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
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(Report APP/H9504/A/00/1039926)Tj
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(Changes to Original Proposals)Tj
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/T1_1 1 Tf
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(86. Whilst consideration may be given to the amended plans now put forwa\
rd for the appeal, the changes to the plans )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(are considered to be significant and, having regard to the circumstances\
in which they are seen to be presented, they )Tj
T*
(should be refused. The right of appeal against a local planning authorit\
y's refusal of a planning application does not )Tj
T*
(create a right to submit an amended proposal direct to the National Asse\
mbly for Wales. If Welsh Water believed it )Tj
T*
(could overcome the reason for refusal of the application, its first cour\
se of action should have been to submit an )Tj
T*
(amended application to the National Park Authority. \(Documents 14 & 23\)\
)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 636.4906 Tm
(87. That course of action would enable the Authority to consider the sch\
eme as a whole, rather than just the element )Tj
T*
(on the Llanbedr appeal site, with full statutory public participation. T\
he scheme as a whole involves works outside )Tj
T*
(the appeal site, and the odour control measures needed to enable odour n\
uisance to be avoided involve installations at )Tj
T*
(the proposed Llandanwg and Harlech Pumping Stations. Contrary to its ini\
tial submission \(Document 14\), the )Tj
T*
(Authority acknowledged at the inquiry that conditions involving off-site\
works could be applied to a grant of )Tj
T*
(planning permission. However, the need to do this illustrates that consi\
deration of the appeal proposal is inextricably )Tj
T*
(linked with issues of development at other locations. \(Document 23\))Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
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/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 526.78036 Tm
(Environmental Impact Assessment)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
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/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 498.02762 Tm
(88. The appeal application was submitted in June 1998 and was assessed b\
y the Authority against the Town and )Tj
T*
(Country Planning \(Assessment of Environmental Effects\) Regulations 198\
8, which were applicable at the time. "A )Tj
T*
(waste water treatment plant" is specified in Part 11 \(d\) of Schedule 2\
. However, Welsh Office Circular 15/88 )Tj
T*
(suggested a threshold of 100 hectares for infrastructure projects before\
an environmental impact assessment was )Tj
T*
(needed, and the Authority did not request one. The situation would have \
been quite different if the Town and )Tj
T*
(Country Planning \(Environmental Impact Assessment\)\(England and Wales\)\
Regulations 1999 had been in force at )Tj
T*
(the time.)Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
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/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 388.31738 Tm
(89. Part 11 \(c\) of Schedule 2 of the 1999 Regulations refers to "waste\
-water treatment plants \(unless included in )Tj
T*
(Schedule 1\)" and a threshold of 1,000 square metres, which is comparabl\
e with the size of the appeal site. However, )Tj
T*
(within a National Park all Schedule 2 applications require a screening o\
pinion by the local planning authority as to )Tj
T*
(whether or not an environmental impact assessment is needed. It is the A\
uthority's view that, if any new application )Tj
T*
(were made for the latest proposals, an Environmental Statement would be \
required. \(Documents 13 & 14\))Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
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/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 305.59297 Tm
(90. It is also likely that the proposed pumping mains would require envi\
ronmental impact assessment. Although )Tj
T*
(underground pipes would normally be considered as permitted development,\
where they are an integral part of a )Tj
T*
(project covered by Schedule 2 of the 1999 Regulations, they would only b\
e permitted development if a screening )Tj
T*
(opinion or direction had been issued that no environmental impact assess\
ment was needed. In this case the proposed )Tj
T*
(pumping mains are an integral part of the project, and it would be prefe\
rable to consider them as part of a new )Tj
T*
(application for the whole scheme with a comprehensive environmental stat\
ement covering odour control, visual )Tj
T*
(assessment, alternative sites, traffic considerations, ecology, noise, c\
ultural heritage and flood risk. \(Documents 14 )Tj
T*
(and 23\))Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 182.38982 Tm
( )Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 153.63705 Tm
( )Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 124.88431 Tm
( )Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 96.13155 Tm
( )Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
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/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 67.3788 Tm
( )Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
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/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 38.62604 Tm
( )Tj
ET
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(Report APP/H9504/A/00/1039926)Tj
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/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 723.32526 Tm
(91. In view of the extent of the amendments made to the appeal proposal \
since the 1999 Regulations came into force, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(consideration should be given to issuing a screening direction that an e\
nvironmental statement is required. If )Tj
T*
(permission were granted without consideration of an Environmental Statem\
ent, it would be contrary to United )Tj
T*
(Kingdom obligations under European Community Directive 85/337, as amende\
d by Directive 97/11, which could )Tj
T*
(lead to a complaint to the European Community and a High Court challenge\
. \(Documents 13 & 14\))Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
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/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 640.60085 Tm
(Odour)Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
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/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 611.84808 Tm
(92. Concerns about odour nuisance formed the basis for the Authority's r\
efusal of the planning application. At that )Tj
T*
(time Welsh Water had provided no information on measures to prevent or c\
ontrol odour at the proposed works, even )Tj
T*
(though it has become clear since that the scheme feasibility report prod\
uced in March 1997 identified this as a )Tj
T*
(problem that would be )Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
("difficult to treat and capable of causing serious odour nuisance" )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\(Appendix HJ14 of )Tj
T*
(Document 6.2\).)Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 529.12367 Tm
(93. Planning officers recommended that permission be granted subject to \
conditions for odour control measures as )Tj
T*
(they were of the view that a properly designed and operated, modern sewa\
ge treatment works should not smell. The )Tj
T*
(Authority's members did not share that faith in the technical abilities \
of Welsh Water, particularly in the light of )Tj
T*
(reports of odour nuisance problems at works at Criccieth and Porthmadog.\
Odour control is critical to the impact of a )Tj
T*
(sewage works on its neighbours, and it was considered there was a signif\
icant risk that satisfactory details would not )Tj
T*
(be provided if permission were granted subject to conditions. \(Document\
13\))Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 432.90636 Tm
(94. An extract from the March 1997 report was first submitted to the Aut\
hority in April 2000. It confirmed the )Tj
T*
(Authority' fears about the potential for odour nuisance and recommended \
that septicity control measures be )Tj
T*
(evaluated. If it had been submitted with the original application, the N\
ational Park Authority would have asked for a )Tj
T*
(further report on odour control. In the event, that further report, unde\
rstood to have been commissioned in 1998, was )Tj
T*
(not produced until November 2000, a delay that reflects Welsh Water's la\
ck of commitment to its claims to be a )Tj
T*
("good neighbour" and the premature nature of the original application. I\
f Welsh Water had not sought to gain )Tj
T*
(planning permission for a design that it knew was inadequate from the im\
portant perspective of odour control, then )Tj
T*
(the subsequent delays could have been avoided. \(Documents 13 and 23\))Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 309.7032 Tm
(95. The Authority's decision to refuse permission because it was not sat\
isfied that the proposal contained sufficient )Tj
T*
(means to avoid problems of odour nuisance was similar to that of a recen\
t appeal decision \(Ref. APP/A6835/)Tj
T*
(A/98/511919 - Appendix C of Document 13\) in Flintshire. The appeal conc\
erned proposed extensions to Llanasa )Tj
T*
(sewage treatment works and was dismissed because the Inspector concluded\
that )Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
("insufficient evidence has been put )Tj
T*
(forward to demonstrate conclusively that it would be possible adequately\
to safeguard the local community from )Tj
T*
(odours that would be generated by approximately three times the amount,,\
of sewage than is currently dealt with at )Tj
T*
(Llanasa". )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\(Documents 13 and 23\))Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 199.99297 Tm
(96. It has taken a long time for Welsh Water to produce its report on od\
our control measures, despite repeated )Tj
T*
(requests by the National Park Authority over the course of the appeal pe\
riod. The Smith Grant Partnership was )Tj
T*
(commissioned by the Authority to review Welsh Water's report and conclud\
ed that )Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
("it appears likely that odour )Tj
T*
(emissions from the proposed development can be controlled adequately" )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\(report attached to Document 14\). )Tj
T*
(However, it is clear that the original proposal was designed without reg\
ard to odour control and that the odour )Tj
T*
(control measures included in the latest proposals are an afterthought in\
volving significant changes to the proposal )Tj
T*
(considered by the Authority. \(Documents 13 & 14\))Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 90.28273 Tm
(Report APP/H9504/A/00/1039926)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 61.52997 Tm
(Noise)Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\(Documents 12 & 23\))Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
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/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 32.77722 Tm
(97. Although not raised at the time of refusal, the likelihood of noise \
nuisance occurring is now of concern to the )Tj
ET
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(Authority as a consequence of the proposed odour control measures. Parti\
cular problems have been experienced with )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(noise from similar odour control measures recently installed at Porthmad\
og wastewater treatment works. Statutory )Tj
T*
(nuisance has been caused to neighbouring residents situated slightly fur\
ther away from the works than the nearest )Tj
T*
(houses at Llanbedr, and the County Council's Public Protection Manager h\
as provided information on monitoring )Tj
T*
(carried out during night-time hours. At Porthmadog relatively low backgr\
ound noise levels have been interrupted by )Tj
T*
(sudden noise events as equipment is automatically switched on, and conti\
nuous average noise levels significantly )Tj
T*
(above background levels have been experienced during early morning hours\
.)Tj
ET
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/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 651.75044 Tm
(98. The main source of noise identified was from the motors of the odour\
control fans, which had not been fitted with )Tj
T*
(acoustic enclosures because of concerns over possible overheating. At Ll\
anbedr one of the odour control fan units )Tj
T*
(would be outside any buildings and would rely on a cover to contain nois\
e. Control could be exercised by means of a )Tj
T*
(suitable condition. However, the danger of relying on such conditions is\
illustrated by the problems experienced at )Tj
T*
(Porthmadog, where complaints identified as statutory nuisance in June 20\
00 are still unresolved in February 2001.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 569.02603 Tm
(Human Rights)Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\(Document 13\))Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
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/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 540.27328 Tm
(99. Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights provides for a \
right to a fair trial. It has been established )Tj
T*
(that planning appeals determined by an Inspector, together with the righ\
t of challenge to the High Court, comply )Tj
T*
(with this article. The National Assembly for Wales has a statutory duty \
to act within the terms of the Convention, )Tj
T*
(and its procedures for determining planning appeals are designed to comp\
ly with it. During the course of the appeal )Tj
T*
(procedures there was some uncertainty over the jurisdiction of the Natio\
nal Assembly. However, the Snowdonia )Tj
T*
(National Park Authority maintains that the appeal should be determined b\
y the National Assembly and that it has full )Tj
T*
(jurisdiction.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 430.56305 Tm
(100. Article 8 of the Convention concerns the right to respect for priva\
te and family life. Serious smell nuisance )Tj
T*
(affecting someone's home has been found to be a breach of Article 8. In \
the case of )Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
(Lopez Ostra v Spain \(1994\) 20 )Tj
T*
(EHRR 277 )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(the European Court of Human Rights held that Article 8 had been breached\
by failure to close a waste )Tj
T*
(treatment plant that released "gas fumes, pestilential smells and contam\
ination". This is relevant to the current appeal.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 361.33154 Tm
(Conditions)Tj
ET
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/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 332.5788 Tm
(101. The National Park Authority relies on the suggested conditions in t\
he report to its planning committee on 28 )Tj
T*
(April 1999 \(reproduced as Document 20\). Conditions 1-8 are similar to \
those suggested by Welsh Water, except that )Tj
T*
(Condition 2 refers to the plans originally submitted \(Plans Al-A4\) sub\
ject to agreed changes to )Tj
/T1_3 1 Tf
(the earth bund )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(and )Tj
T*
(stone cladding of the existing buildings. At the inquiry it was agreed t\
hat Condition 3 could be omitted, Condition 7 )Tj
T*
(be clarified and Condition 6 be supplemented, as detailed in paragraph 7\
8 above.)Tj
ET
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/T1_0 1 Tf
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(102. It was also confirmed at the inquiry that Conditions 9-13 suggested\
by Welsh Water would be generally )Tj
T*
(acceptable in place of the Authority's suggested Condition 9, and that r\
eferences to 1 mg/1 dissolved sulphide for )Tj
T*
(monitoring odour would be acceptable. The Authority would wish to see re\
ference to the monitoring protocol of )Tj
T*
(BS4142:1997 in any noise condition but acknowledged at the inquiry that \
the noise levels specified in Welsh Water's )Tj
T*
(suggested Condition 14 would be acceptable for the protection of the ame\
nity of nearby residents.)Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
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(Report APP/H9504/A/00/1039926)Tj
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(Case for Llanbedr Community Council)Tj
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(The material points are:)Tj
ET
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/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 80.8717 Tm
(103. The Community Council has been helped in its review of technical ma\
tters by Mr Robert Lloyd, and his letters )Tj
T*
(\(Documents 3.1 & 3.9\) are considered to be part of the Community Counc\
il's case.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 38.62604 Tm
(Lack of Consultation )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\(Documents 3.9 & 22\))Tj
ET
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(104. Planning Guidance \(Wales\), Planning Policy, emphasises the need f\
or local planning authorities to consult and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(collaborate with local representatives. As a major company and service p\
rovider, there is also an onus on Welsh )Tj
T*
(Water to participate in consultation. In this case both the Snowdonia Na\
tional Park Authority and Welsh Water have )Tj
T*
(failed to adequately consult the Community Council and local residents, \
both at the planning application stage and )Tj
T*
(throughout the appeal procedure.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 669.35359 Tm
(105. The Community Council was briefly addressed by representatives of W\
elsh Water at one of its meetings shortly )Tj
T*
(before the application was made. However, the Council had very little no\
tice of this and did not gain an appreciation )Tj
T*
(of the scale and scope of the scheme. The National Park Authority gave t\
he Community Council very little time to )Tj
T*
(comment on the subsequent application and, although its representatives \
were invited to attend the Members' site )Tj
T*
(visit, the Council had little opportunity to participate fully. Publicit\
y and consultation at this time, by both the )Tj
T*
(National Park Authority and Welsh Water, gave a misleading impression to\
the Community Council and local )Tj
T*
(residents of the large scale of the scheme, and neither party sought to \
liaise constructively with local people. No )Tj
T*
(impression was gained that the intention was to bring all of the sewage \
from Harlech to Llanbedr.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 546.15045 Tm
(106. When local residents did realise this, a large number wrote letters\
of objection. However, the National Park )Tj
T*
(Authority did not respond to Community Council or local residents' lette\
rs, and the Community Council eventually )Tj
T*
(wrote directly to each member of the planning committee. It was only at \
this stage that the National Park Authority )Tj
T*
(woke up to the vast implications of the scheme and asked Welsh Water for\
accounts of other options considered. Up )Tj
T*
(to that time the Authority's main concern seemed to be the appearance of\
the works, and it is clear that the officers )Tj
T*
(had not properly assessed the main issues in the application. Neverthele\
ss, the Community Council now supports the )Tj
T*
(decision taken by the National Park Authority to refuse the application.\
)Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
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/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 436.44022 Tm
(Alternative Options )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\(Document 22\))Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
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/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 407.68745 Tm
(107. The Community Council acknowledges that Welsh Water has a statutory\
obligation to improve water standards )Tj
T*
(and that it has investigated alternative sites and methods. However, its\
consideration of siting a new treatment works )Tj
T*
(at Harlech was carried out before the full extent of odour control measu\
res had been assessed for the currently )Tj
T*
(proposed scheme. If details of the measures had been available and assur\
ances had been given on the quality of the )Tj
T*
(treated discharge, it is possible that the objections of the Environment\
Agency and the Countryside Council for )Tj
T*
(Wales to a Harlech-based scheme might have been overcome.)Tj
ET
EMC
/Lbl <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 14.85826 311.47014 Tm
(108. )Tj
ET
EMC
/LBody <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 40.15749 311.47014 Tm
(The present Harlech treatment works is well sited, and the best solution\
would be to develop an improved treatment facility )Tj
T*
(next to the Glan y Mor car park in Harlech. The existing outfall could b\
e retained, and engineering techniques are available )Tj
T*
(\(e.g. pipe bursting and thrust boring\) to ensure any necessary improve\
ment and extension could be carried out with )Tj
T*
(minimum disturbance to the coastal environment. No modelling evidence ha\
s been put forward to show that the present )Tj
T*
(outfall is harmful to the coastal environment. Indeed, it is an integral\
, long-established part of that environment, and the )Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 228.74573 Tm
(Report APP/H9504/A/00/1039926)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 199.99297 Tm
(nutrients it provides may be important to the ecological balance in the \
area. That balance may be upset if the )Tj
T*
(discharge were removed. \(Document 3.9\))Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 157.7473 Tm
(109. The Community Council cannot understand why it is acceptable to dis\
charge treated effluent into the Afon )Tj
T*
(Artro but not the Afon Dwyryd. Whichever river it were discharged to, th\
e tidal nature of the area would ensure that )Tj
T*
(it would eventually pollute the Morfa Harlech SSSI and National Nature R\
eserve and the Pen Llyn ar Sarnau cSAC. )Tj
T*
(Discharges to alternative locations have been dismissed purely on the ad\
vice of the Environment Agency and the )Tj
T*
(Countryside Council for Wales. That advice should be reviewed. Environme\
ntally sensitive areas cannot always be )Tj
T*
(avoided. Provided techniques were used to minimise disturbance, discharg\
es elsewhere may be acceptable and )Tj
T*
(preferable. Welsh Water's review of options has failed to take into acco\
unt the wider impacts of its proposals. )Tj
T*
(\(Document 3.9\))Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 34.54414 Tm
(110. Insufficient consideration has been given to the possibility of sit\
ing a new and enhanced sewage treatment plant )Tj
ET
EMC
Q
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(at the Penmorfa refuse tip at Harlech. The Llanbedr works itself could b\
e adequately updated at reasonable cost )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(without bringing sewage from Harlech to be treated there and without hav\
ing an unacceptable impact on the ecology )Tj
T*
(and users of the Afon Artro. The Llanbedr Community Council remains oppo\
sed to Harlech sewage being pumped to )Tj
T*
(the proposed Llanbedr works, and a petition signed by local residents sh\
ows that this is the overwhelming view of )Tj
T*
(the Llanbedr community \(Document 15\).)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 678.73627 Tm
(Odour)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 649.98352 Tm
(111. It is clear that, without mitigation, odours would emanate from the\
proposed works and cause significant )Tj
T*
(nuisance. Although Welsh Water's recent report by OdourNet UK Ltd appear\
s to show that odour nuisance could be )Tj
T*
(avoided \(Document 11\), the reliability of its modelling depends on the\
suitability of the data input. There is )Tj
T*
(considerable doubt about the appropriateness of meteorological data from\
RAF Valley being applied in this location, )Tj
T*
(and this raises queries about the reliability of the modelling and the l\
evel of understanding of the odour emissions. )Tj
T*
(Under these circumstances, the views of the local community become parti\
cularly important in assessing the )Tj
T*
(significance of potential odour nuisance. Large numbers of residents and\
holidaymakers could be affected. )Tj
T*
(\(Document 3.1\))Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 526.78036 Tm
(112. The use of a large number of planning conditions, as suggested by W\
elsh Water \(Document 21\), illustrates the )Tj
T*
(problematic nature of dealing with odour. The need to apply conditions t\
o deal with future difficulties is a matter of )Tj
T*
(some concern in itself, and planning conditions could not guarantee that\
odour problems would not occur. )Tj
T*
(\(Document 22\))Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 457.54887 Tm
(Flooding)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 428.79611 Tm
(113. At the inquiry concern was expressed about risks of coastal floodin\
g. Local residents can remember major )Tj
T*
(flooding occurring in the vicinity of the appeal site in the 1950s, 1970\
s, 1980s and more recently in 1997. )Tj
T*
(Photographs taken by Mrs Williams \(Photographs 1-6\) illustrate the ext\
ent of the flooding that occurs in the area, and )Tj
T*
(this is likely to get worse in the future as a result of climate change \
\(Document 16\). The adjoining road is regularly )Tj
T*
(flooded, and the appeal site is quite unsuitable for further building.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 346.0717 Tm
(114. There is also concern about the possibility of pollution occurring \
as a result of the pumping mains bursting or )Tj
T*
(being damaged. Sewage pipes have been broken elsewhere in the area, due \
possibly to the nature of the soil or to )Tj
T*
(settlement when the ground is dry, and have caused pollution over the la\
nd. Welsh Water's record of sewerage )Tj
T*
(management has not been good.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 276.84021 Tm
(Report APP/H9504/A/00/1039926)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 248.08745 Tm
(Visual Impact )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\(Document 3.1\))Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 219.3347 Tm
(115. The Visual Assessment report submitted by Welsh Water \(Document 7\)\
leaves much to be desired. Errors and )Tj
T*
(inaccuracies, particularly in the distances to nearby houses, cast doubt\
on its reliability. In addition, it was carried out )Tj
T*
(before the design of the works was significantly altered to accommodate \
odour control measures. The latest, revised )Tj
T*
(design is substantially different from the original. Visual impact on en\
try to the village is an important factor in )Tj
T*
(regard to tourism, and the attractive appearance of this part of the vil\
lage would be harmed by this proposal.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 136.61029 Tm
(116. A feature of the report is that landscape planting would be expecte\
d to take some 15 years before it matured and )Tj
T*
(became effective. During that period the proposed development would be c\
onsiderably more visible than in the )Tj
T*
(longer term. The report implies that this is acceptable. However, for lo\
cal residents and tourists 15 years is a )Tj
T*
(substantial period of time. The attraction of Llanbedr for tourists is i\
ts rural character, and loss of visual amenity for )Tj
T*
(15 years could cause considerable harm to the tourist trade. And in 15 y\
ears time the plant would probably be due for )Tj
T*
(refurbishment or renewal, with further ensuing disruption.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 40.39296 Tm
(Major DevelopmentlCommunity Impact)Tj
ET
EMC
Q
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(117. Welsh Water and the National Park Authority have argued about wheth\
er or not the proposal amounts to "major )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(development". The Community Council does not argue the technicalities of\
this. However, so far as the local )Tj
T*
(community is concerned the proposal is for a major development. It is of\
major importance to Llanbedr, a small rural )Tj
T*
(community within the National Park. It would have an adverse effect on t\
hat community. The introduction of many )Tj
T*
(times the current flow of sewage into this low-lying area would irrepara\
bly damage the social, economic and )Tj
T*
(environmental fabric of the community. Mitigation measures cannot overco\
me the basic flaw of transferring sewage )Tj
T*
(from other larger communities to this sensitive rural location. \(Docume\
nts 3.1, 3.9 & 22\))Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 644.1347 Tm
(Environmental Impact Assessment)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 615.38194 Tm
(118. The planning application was made in June 1998, about 6 months befo\
re the latest environmental impact )Tj
T*
(regulations came into force. If it had been made a year later, a full En\
vironmental Impact Assessment would have )Tj
T*
(been required and the scheme would have been rejected on the basis of it\
s impact on the ecology of the estuary and )Tj
T*
(the outdoor recreation centre. Welsh Water's submission of an incomplete\
application, which it has since changed, is )Tj
T*
(shoddy and underhanded. \(Document 3.1\))Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 532.65753 Tm
(119. It is important that the proposal be considered against the most up\
to date regulations as opposed to those in )Tj
T*
(force at the time of the original planning application. \(Document 22\))Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 490.41187 Tm
(Human Rights)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 461.6591 Tm
(120. Finally; it is contended that Articles 6 and 8 of the European Conv\
ention on Human Rights are relevant )Tj
T*
(considerations. Both the National Park Authority and Welsh Water have fa\
iled to protect the Community Council's )Tj
T*
(obligations to local residents in regard to private and family life by f\
ailing to adequately consult them. In addition, )Tj
T*
(Welsh Water should not have delayed the provision of a proper odour asse\
ssment or changed the nature of the )Tj
T*
(application. The rights of the Community Council and the local residents\
to a fair hearing have also been prejudiced )Tj
T*
(by these actions. \(Documents 3.1 & 22\))Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 365.44179 Tm
( )Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 336.68903 Tm
(Report APP/H9504/A/00/1039926)Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
0 0.50197 0 rg
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/T1_2 1 Tf
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(Other Representations at Inquiry)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
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(The material points are:)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 250.43076 Tm
(Mrs F Voedcker )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\(Document 17\))Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 221.67801 Tm
(121. Mrs Voelcker reported that Welsh Water had failed to properly respo\
nd to queries raised by the National Park )Tj
T*
(Authority, of which she is a member, in respect of alternative sustainab\
le options and that this should have been )Tj
T*
(included as a second reason for refusal. Welsh Water is required to have\
regard to the statutory purposes of the )Tj
T*
(National Park, as defined in the Environment Act 1995, and to the aims o\
f sustainability, for which a duty is )Tj
T*
(specifically conferred on the National Assembly for Wales by the Governm\
ent of Wales Act 1998.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 138.9536 Tm
(122. With this in mind, the National Park Authority asked Welsh Water to\
review its options for dealing with sewage )Tj
T*
(by methods other than sea disposal. The planning committee particularly \
asked it to consider possible treatment on )Tj
T*
(land and use on land of the resulting liquor and solids in combination w\
ith the solid waste plant at Fridd Rasus. )Tj
T*
(However, Welsh Water failed to do this and merely reported back to the A\
uthority on the same original options.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 69.72211 Tm
(123. Sewage is a rich resource, and in this area it is relatively uncont\
aminated by industrial waste. It has potential for )Tj
T*
(methane generation, composting with domestic waste and the production of\
biomass for fuels, and it is against the )Tj
T*
(best interests of the community to discharge such a valuable resource to\
the sea. As local authorities are being )Tj
ET
EMC
Q
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(required to reduce landfill and maximise waste reduction and recycling, \
there is potential for combined waste/sewage )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(schemes \(possibly supported by "Objective 1" funding\). All of these al\
ternatives should be considered and the )Tj
T*
(overall social and environmental benefits should be taken into account. \
Only if these are genuinely less beneficial in )Tj
T*
(all respects should disposal to sea be allowed. If a combined waste/sewa\
ge scheme were successful it would avoid )Tj
T*
(discharging wastes to the sea, reduce landfill volume and result in bene\
ficial by-products.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 678.73627 Tm
(Mrs J Smith)Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 649.98352 Tm
(124. Mrs Smith is a keen ornithologist and has taken part in wader bird \
counts for the Artro estuary. It is a very rich )Tj
T*
(habitat and as many as 29 different bird species use the estuary. The ec\
ological survey carried out for Welsh Water )Tj
T*
(\(Section 4 of Document 5\) did not cover birds or fish and did not asse\
ss the ecological value of the estuary. Mrs )Tj
T*
(Smith is concerned about possible increased pollution of the river and i\
ts impact on the estuary.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 580.75201 Tm
(Mrs J Evans)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 551.99927 Tm
(125. Mrs Evans is concerned about the effects of flooding on an enlarged\
sewage treatment works and provided )Tj
T*
(photographs that show the main road flooded in 1997 and the Afon Artro i\
n flood in 1998. \(Photographs 7-12\))Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 509.7536 Tm
(Mr R Mayhew )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\(Document 18\))Tj
ET
EMC
/Lbl <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 14.85826 481.00084 Tm
(126. )Tj
ET
EMC
/LBody <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 40.15749 481.00084 Tm
(Mr Mayhew is concerned about the possibility of increased pollution of t\
he Afon Artro and its effects on water sports )Tj
T*
(participants using the river. The outward-bound centre of which he is Di\
rector is located on the shores of the Afon estuary )Tj
T*
(about 500 metres downstream of the appeal site. The centre employs a sta\
ff of 15 and caters for about 2000 young people )Tj
T*
(each year, including groups with special educational or physical needs. \
Water sports using the estuary and the river are a )Tj
T*
(major part of the )Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 398.27643 Tm
(Report APP/H9504/A/00/1039926)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 369.52368 Tm
(centre's work, and the river in the vicinity of the effluent discharge p\
oint is an important location for )Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 340.77092 Tm
(winter canoeing when the harbour can be too dangerous for weaker groups.\
)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 312.01816 Tm
(127. The viability of the centre depends on attracting groups, and any d\
oubts on the part of group leaders, education )Tj
T*
(authorities and other customer organisations, whether they concern actua\
l health risks or perceived risks, could soon )Tj
T*
(put the centre out of business. It cannot be guaranteed that the effluen\
t would not be harmful to the health of the )Tj
T*
(centre's staff and visitors, and there is accepted medical evidence that\
shows people entering bathing waters are at )Tj
T*
(increased risk of infections. This seems to be so even after compliance \
with the EC Bathing Waters Directive has )Tj
T*
(been achieved.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 215.80084 Tm
(128. It is difficult to accept that discharge to the Mon Artro is prefer\
able to the Afon Dwyryd and Glaslyn, as shallow )Tj
T*
(sea depths and limited tidal movements are common to both areas. Indeed,\
the tidal currents are much stronger at )Tj
T*
(Harlech, and the beach is less used than those at Llandanwg or Shell Isl\
and. Dispersion from the Mon Artro is )Tj
T*
(limited by its low volume of water in the summer and tide locking at tim\
es of high tide. With the increase in the )Tj
T*
(volume of effluent discharged, water activities from the centre in the s\
ummer would often take place in a high )Tj
T*
(concentration of effluent that had not been dispersed.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 119.58351 Tm
(129. Whether or not the actual risks to health would be increased, the p\
roposal would increase the perception of risk )Tj
T*
(to visitors to the centre. The expanded site with an increased outflow a\
nd the possibility of odours would emphasise )Tj
T*
(the presence of the works, which is barely noticeable at present. If the\
plant were to break down and a single group )Tj
T*
(member were to become ill, confidence in the centre would be harmed and \
its viability would become doubtful. The )Tj
T*
(proposed scheme could compromise the future of the centre.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 36.8591 Tm
(Mr R Pickard)Tj
ET
EMC
Q
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(130. As a resident of Harlech, Mr Pickard is aware that the sewage works\
there is remote and does not cause )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(nuisance to local residents, as the Llanbedr works sometimes does. Welsh\
Water has chosen the cheapest solution, )Tj
T*
(albeit supported by the views of the Environment Agency on protection of\
the SSSI and cSAC. However, Mr Pickard )Tj
T*
(would prefer to see an improved works at Harlech, preferably situated ne\
ar the car park. The SSSI could be avoided )Tj
T*
(by routing the discharge pipeline along the footpath, and a long sea out\
fall there could discharge at a point similar in )Tj
T*
(character to the outflow from the Mon Artro.)Tj
ET
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(131. Although the existing pumping station at Harlech would be used to h\
ouse the pumps for the rising main to )Tj
T*
(Llanbedr, more powerful pumps would be needed than at present. These cou\
ld give rise to increased noise and )Tj
T*
(nuisance to nearby properties.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
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/T1_1 1 Tf
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(Mr J Andrews)Tj
ET
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/T1_0 1 Tf
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(132. Prior to the public inquiry most local residents had little knowled\
ge of what was proposed and were frustrated )Tj
T*
(that it seemed to be a series of separate steps. Although there has been\
little development in Llanbedr over the past )Tj
T*
(few decades, a lot has taken place in recent years in Harlech and Llanfa\
ir, and the local planning authority should )Tj
T*
(have ensured that any sewage'disposal matters were sorted out at the sam\
e time.)Tj
ET
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/T1_0 1 Tf
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(133. )Tj
ET
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/LBody <>BDC
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/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 40.15749 500.37093 Tm
(Llanbedr has a strong dependence on tourism. It has 3 outdoor pursuit ce\
ntres that would be threatened by a new sewage )Tj
T*
(treatment works, as Llanbedr relates to the river in the same way that s\
ome places relate to the beach. Shell Island is closely )Tj
T*
(associated with Llanbedr and received over 50,000 visitors in 1999. At p\
eak times it is home to 800-1000 campers. Bearing )Tj
T*
(in mind the harm that a new sewage )Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
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/T1_0 1 Tf
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(Report APP/H9504/A/00/1039926)Tj
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/T1_0 1 Tf
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(works could cause to Llanbedr, more attention should have been given to \
alternative sites. The Fridd Rasus waste )Tj
T*
(site has good access and is in a remote location. And for Harlech option\
s undue weight seems to have been attributed )Tj
T*
(to avoiding outfall locations.)Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
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/T1_2 1 Tf
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(Written Representations)Tj
0 0 0 rg
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\(Documents 3.2-3.8, 3.10, 3.11, 4 & 25\))Tj
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/T1_0 1 Tf
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(The material points are:)Tj
ET
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/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 289.14258 Tm
(134.1n addition to letters from the Llanbedr Community Council, written \
representations have been received from 5 )Tj
T*
(local residents. 54 letters were also received by the Snowdonia National\
Park Authority at the time of the planning )Tj
T*
(application.)Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 233.40399 Tm
(135. Almost all of the representations referred to matters adequately re\
ported by the Community Council or other )Tj
T*
(parties at the inquiry, particularly a wish to see a new works built at \
Harlech or other options considered, risks of )Tj
T*
(pollution, odour nuisance and flooding.)Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
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/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 177.66541 Tm
(136. Two additional matters were raised. The first was concern about the\
volume of additional water that would be )Tj
T*
(discharged to the river and the effect this might have on bank erosion a\
nd floodwater levels for houses on the edge of )Tj
T*
(the estuary downstream of the site \(Documents 3.3 & 3.10\). The second \
was a report that the effects of pollution are )Tj
T*
(already evident along the Afon Artro and estuary and that the outfall on\
Llandanwg beach leaks and smells and is )Tj
T*
(unsatisfactory \(Document 3.2\).)Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 94.94099 Tm
(137. After the public inquiry a letter was received from Elfyn Llwyd, Me\
mber of Parliament for Meirionydd Nant )Tj
T*
(Conwy. He advised that many local residents had contacted him expressing\
their concerns about the proposal for )Tj
T*
(various reasons, but mainly because there has not been enough research i\
nto odour prevention arrangements on the )Tj
T*
(site. He emphasised the importance of taking into account the views of t\
he Llanbedr Community Council when the )Tj
T*
(decision is made. \(Document 25\))Tj
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( )Tj
ET
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(Report APP/H9504/A/00/1039926)Tj
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(Appraisal and Conclusions)Tj
ET
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(Need for Improved Sewage Treatment and Disposal Provision)Tj
ET
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BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 639.41029 Tm
(138. The need for improved sewage treatment and disposal provision for t\
he sewage currently dealt with at the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Harlech, Llandanwg and Llanbedr treatment plants is not in dispute. It i\
s driven by European Community Directives )Tj
T*
(covering Urban Wastewater Treatment and Bathing Waters, which require im\
proved treatment and water quality )Tj
T*
(standards to be met. At present all 3 works provide only primary treatme\
nt of sewage, and legislation and )Tj
T*
(government guidance requires that treatment be improved to include secon\
dary \(biological\) treatment. [23-25, 30, )Tj
T*
(31, 107])Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 543.19296 Tm
(139. At present the partially treated sewage effluents from the Harlech \
and Llandanwg works are discharged on or )Tj
T*
(close to bathing beaches, and improved effluent quality is needed to ens\
ure that EC Bathing Waters standards are )Tj
T*
(met. The beaches cannot gain "European Blue Flag" status unless the bath\
ing waters meet the stringent )Tj
T*
(microbiological guideline standards specified in the Bathing Waters Dire\
ctive. I conclude that there is an undisputed )Tj
T*
(need for improved sewage treatment and disposal provision for the 3 sett\
lements. [24, 30])Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_2 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 460.46855 Tm
(Alternative Schemes)Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 431.71581 Tm
(140. Welsh Water has carried out an appraisal of options to address thes\
e requirements and decided that a combined )Tj
T*
(scheme for all 3 settlements would be the most feasible and viable solut\
ion with the combined treatment works sited )Tj
T*
(at Llanbedr and the effluent discharge into the Mon Artro. Local residen\
ts and their representatives object to the )Tj
T*
(principle of bringing sewage from Harlech and Llandanwg to be treated at\
Llanbedr. However, such an argument can )Tj
T*
(only be defended if there is another option that is preferable in enviro\
nmental, social and economic terms or if the )Tj
T*
(proposal would have unacceptable effects on the Llanbedr community. [31,\
110])Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 335.49847 Tm
(141. The treatment works itself could be located at any of the 3 centres\
, and many local residents have argued that )Tj
T*
(the most appropriate site would be near the Glan y Mor car park at Harle\
ch [32, 34, 108, 130, 135]. That may well be )Tj
T*
(the case in so far as impact on the local communities is concerned. Howe\
ver, a treatment works cannot be )Tj
T*
(constructed in isolation, and the discharge of treated effluent to an ac\
ceptable location is a vital consideration. Welsh )Tj
T*
(Water reports that the existing outfalls at Harlech and Llandanwg are en\
vironmentally unacceptable and would have )Tj
T*
(to be replaced with new or extended outfalls. And a local resident has c\
onfirmed the unsatisfactory nature of the )Tj
T*
(Llandanwg outfall [33, 34, 136].)Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
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/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 225.78824 Tm
(142. Various alternatives have been considered for coastal outfalls from\
a works at Harlech. However, no )Tj
T*
(environmentally acceptable location for discharge of the treated effluen\
t can be found. The poor dispersion )Tj
T*
(characteristics of this part of Tremadog Bay and the presence of the Pen\
,,Llyn ar Sarnau candidate Special Area of )Tj
T*
(Conservation \(cSAC\) at the present outfall site discount that location\
. The Morfa Harlech National Nature Reserve )Tj
T*
(and Site of Special Scientific Interest \(SSSI\), the Pen Llyn ar Sarnau\
cSAC and a commercially important )Tj
T*
(shellfishery discount discharge to the Dwyryd Estuary to the north. And \
discharge to the land drainage system would )Tj
T*
(be unacceptable because it becomes tide-locked. A discharge to the Mon A\
rtro at Llanbedr would not be subject to )Tj
T*
(the same constraints. The Environment Agency and the Countryside Council\
for Wales agree with this assessment )Tj
T*
(and support the proposal to site the treatment works at Llanbedr. [33, 3\
4, 35, 37])Tj
ET
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/T1_0 1 Tf
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( )Tj
ET
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/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 60.33942 Tm
(Report APP/H9504/A/00/1039926)Tj
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/P <>BDC
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/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 31.58667 Tm
(143. The Snowdonia National Park Authority argues that improvements coul\
d be carried out at each of the existing )Tj
ET
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(works [85]. However, this ignores the present unsatisfactory nature of t\
he outfalls at Harlech and Llandanwg [33, 34] )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and the same problems in finding acceptable alternative discharge locati\
ons. The Llanbedr Community Council has )Tj
T*
(suggested that specialist engineering techniques could be used to replac\
e or extend the present outfalls and has )Tj
T*
(questioned the harm caused by them to the coastal environment [108]. How\
ever, these again ignore the Environment )Tj
T*
(Agency's objections in principle to discharges in these areas on account\
of their harm to the natural environment.)Tj
ET
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(144. The Community Council and local residents have compared the Mon Art\
ro and the Mon Dwyryd and argue that )Tj
T*
(their circumstances are similar. Consequently, it is difficult to unders\
tand why an effluent discharge is acceptable to )Tj
T*
(one but not to the other [109, 128]. The Community Council argues that t\
he advice provided by the Environment )Tj
T*
(Agency and the Countryside Council for Wales should be reviewed. However\
, no one has brought forward any )Tj
T*
(evidence to suggest that those 2 guardians of the natural environment wo\
uld do other than provide the same advice )Tj
T*
(given to Welsh Water, i.e. that the currently proposed option is the bes\
t solution so far as the natural environment is )Tj
T*
(concerned [37]. No evidence put forward has led me to reach any other co\
nclusion.)Tj
ET
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/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 567.86383 Tm
(145. During its consideration of the planning application the Snowdonia \
National Park Authority asked Welsh Water )Tj
T*
(to consider other options of a less conventional nature [37], and Welsh \
Water submitted a report covering such )Tj
T*
(matters [38, 39]. However, the National Park Authority and the Community\
Council consider that these could have )Tj
T*
(been investigated in more detail, particularly the possibility of using \
the Fridd Rasus municipal waste disposal site, )Tj
T*
(near Harlech, for a combined waste/sewage scheme [83, 110, 122, 123].)Tj
ET
EMC
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/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 485.13942 Tm
(146. It is possible that there has been some misunderstanding over metho\
ds that are being developed elsewhere for )Tj
T*
(beneficial use of treated sewage sludge as opposed to the untreated sewa\
ge itself. Sludge is the treated solids content )Tj
T*
(of sewage and would be produced at the proposed works and removed elsewh\
ere for further processing. The various )Tj
T*
(suggestions for beneficial use of the sewage [123] could still be pursue\
d with the treated sludge [39]. However, they )Tj
T*
(would not affect the need for the proposed scheme.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
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/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 402.41501 Tm
(Amended Proposals)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
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/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 373.66226 Tm
(147. During the course of the appeal, Welsh Water has submitted revised \
proposals that take into account the need )Tj
T*
(for odour control measures and various other design refinements [13]. Th\
e Snowdonia National Park Authority )Tj
T*
(argues that these involve changes of such significance that they should \
not be considered in the appeal; instead, they )Tj
T*
(should be resubmitted to the Authority as a new planning application [86\
].)Tj
ET
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(148. The proposed modifications comprise the deletion of certain units a\
nd the addition of others. Originally, a )Tj
T*
(separate inlet works was proposed for the sewage pumped from Harlech and\
Llandanwg. It is now proposed that this )Tj
T*
(would be received by the existing inlet works with a small balancing tan\
k. Two small sludge tanks have also been )Tj
T*
(deleted. The additional items include aeration blower units for the aera\
tion tanks, several GRP covers to tanks and )Tj
T*
(channels and an odour control unit adjacent to the inlet works. Extensio\
ns to the proposed landscaped bund and stone )Tj
T*
(cladding of parts of the existing buildings are also included, as agreed\
with the National Park Authority before it )Tj
T*
(determined the application [13].)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
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( )Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
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/T1_0 1 Tf
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(Report APP/H9504/A/00/1039926)Tj
ET
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/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 137.21501 Tm
(149. The parties agree that modifications to the application may be cons\
idered at appeal provided they are not )Tj
T*
(substantial or significant [42]. My assessment is that the additional it\
ems would be either quite small or of low )Tj
T*
(profile [41]. Most of the modifications would be to provide odour contro\
l facilities and would have been added to the )Tj
T*
(original scheme in any case if planning permission had been granted subj\
ect to a condition for such measures [43]. In )Tj
T*
(my view, the modifications to the proposal are neither substantial nor s\
ignificant and it is appropriate that the )Tj
T*
(amended proposals be considered under the appeal.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
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/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 40.9977 Tm
(150. The National Park Authority has argued that the need for odour cont\
rol measures to be installed at locations )Tj
ET
EMC
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(away from the appeal site \(i.e. at the 2 pumping stations\) illustrates\
that the proposal is linked with development at )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(other locations [87]. That is clearly so. However, those installations w\
ould be inside buildings under the control of )Tj
T*
(Welsh Water [56], and the necessary installations could be the subject o\
f appropriate conditions attached to a )Tj
T*
(planning permission. They do not change my conclusion that the amended p\
roposals should be considered under this )Tj
T*
(appeal.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
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/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 678.73627 Tm
(Environmental Impact Assessment)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
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/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 649.98352 Tm
(151.The planning application was submitted in June 1998 and was subject \
to consideration under the Town and )Tj
T*
(Country Planning \(Assessment of Environmental Effects\) Regulations 198\
8. The proposal fell well below the )Tj
T*
(indicative thresholds for development likely to need environmental asses\
sment, and an Environmental Statement was )Tj
T*
(not provided or called for [88]. The Town and Country Planning \(Environ\
mental Impact Assessment\)\(England and )Tj
T*
(Wales\) Regulations 1999 came into force for applications submitted on o\
r after 14 March 1999 [28] and specify )Tj
T*
(much lower thresholds. If the same application had been submitted a year\
later, it is likely that an Environmental )Tj
T*
(Statement would have been required [89].)Tj
ET
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(152. The fact that an Environmental Statement would have been needed doe\
s not necessarily mean that the )Tj
T*
(application would have been refused. A considerable amount of environmen\
tal information has been provided either )Tj
T*
(for the application or the appeal. However, the 1999 Regulations would h\
ave ensured that a comprehensive )Tj
T*
(assessment could have been considered with the planning application. It \
has been suggested that Welsh Water )Tj
T*
(submitted the planning application at an early date in order to avoid th\
e rigours of the 1999 Regulations [118]. In my )Tj
T*
(view, this allegation is quite unfounded [68].)Tj
ET
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/T1_0 1 Tf
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(153. Nevertheless, the National Park Authority maintains that, in view o\
f the amendments made to the proposal since )Tj
T*
(it was first submitted, the National Assembly should issue a screening d\
irection under the 1999 Regulations calling )Tj
T*
(for an Environmental Statement. It says that, if permission were granted\
without consideration of an Environmental )Tj
T*
(Statement, it would be contrary to the United Kingdom obligations under \
the appropriate European Community )Tj
T*
(Directive and open to legal challenge. However, Welsh Water maintains th\
at it would be ultra vires to consider the )Tj
T*
(appeal proposals against the 1999 Regulations. [67, 91])Tj
ET
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/T1_0 1 Tf
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(154. This is 'matter of law. However, in my view, the Authority's stance\
is not correct. The 1988 Regulations apply )Tj
T*
(to the appeal application and to any subsequent appeal, whether or not a\
mendments to the original application are )Tj
T*
(being considered. I am not persuaded that the National Assembly is requi\
red to issue a screening direction under the )Tj
T*
(1999 Regulations before determining this appeal or that an Environmental\
Impact Assessment is necessary.)Tj
ET
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/T1_0 1 Tf
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(155. It is open to the National Assembly to call for an Environmental St\
atement under Section 11 of the 1988 )Tj
T*
(Regulations, and I have considered whether or not the proposal falls wit\
hin the interpretation of development likely )Tj
T*
(to have significant effects on the environment. The project falls within\
Schedule 2 of the 1988 Regulations, and the )Tj
T*
(accompanying Circular)Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
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/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 209.37564 Tm
(Report APP/H9504/A/00/1039926)Tj
ET
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/T1_0 1 Tf
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(\(Welsh Office Circular 15/88\) provides advice on identifying relevant \
projects. Section 20 identifies major projects )Tj
T*
(of more than local importance and, occasionally, projects on a smaller s\
cale in particularly sensitive or vulnerable )Tj
T*
(locations as needing environmental assessment. However, Section 21 goes \
on to advise that the number of projects )Tj
T*
(falling within these categories will be a small proportion of all Schedu\
le 2 projects. Requirements were far less )Tj
T*
(stringent under the 1988 Regulations than under the current 1999 Regulat\
ions. I share the National Park Authority's )Tj
T*
(judgement that under the 1988 Regulations an Environmental Statement is \
not required.)Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
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(Odour)Tj
ET
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(156. The National Park Authority has produced no evidence to support its\
refusal of the application on grounds of )Tj
T*
(odour nuisance. At the time of its refusal, the Authority had received v\
ery little information from Welsh Water on )Tj
ET
EMC
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(how odour would be avoided and alleviated, and its refusal was based on \
experience at other sewage treatment works )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(nearby and its appreciation of the significant impact that unpleasant od\
ours can cause [92, 93]. The Authority's )Tj
T*
(specialist advisers have reviewed the odour control measures now put for\
ward by Welsh Water, and the Authority )Tj
T*
(now accepts that the amended proposals would be likely to adequately con\
trol odour emissions [61 ] . However, the )Tj
T*
(Community Council and many local residents remain sceptical [111, 112 & \
137].)Tj
ET
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(157. Welsh Water has undertaken a study of the various measures required\
to ensure that odour nuisance would not )Tj
T*
(occur at the proposed works [53]. The proposals now include measures to \
deal with potential septicity occurring in )Tj
T*
(the rising mains from Harlech and Llandanwg and to contain and alleviate\
odours that occur at the treatment works )Tj
T*
(itself. The proprietary chemical Nutriox would be dosed at both pumping \
stations with automatic controls and )Tj
T*
(standby facilities [55 &56]. This is an established method that performs\
well and would be likely to successfully )Tj
T*
(avoid odorous gases forming in the rising mains. An additional back up t\
o this would be provided at the works inlet )Tj
T*
(with a facility for automatic dosing of iron salts to alleviate any resi\
dual odour [57].)Tj
ET
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(158. In addition, the parts of the sewage works vulnerable to odour rele\
ase would be covered with sealed GRP )Tj
T*
(covers, and the gases would be vented to air through filters to remove a\
ny odours [58]. These are also well )Tj
T*
(established methods that are being used at many modern sewage treatment \
works where odour could cause problems.)Tj
ET
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/P <>BDC
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/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 513.28746 Tm
(159. Modelling work carried out on behalf of Welsh Water indicates that \
this combination of measures would be )Tj
T*
(successful in reducing odour emissions to such an extent that they would\
be much less and much more localised than )Tj
T*
(at the existing works and would be expected to cause less nuisance to pa\
ssers-by and local residents. The nearest )Tj
T*
(residential properties would be well outside the contour of influence fo\
r odour levels likely to cause annoyance [59 )Tj
T*
(& 60]. In my view, adequate research has been carried out to determine t\
he measures required for odour prevention )Tj
T*
([137], and I conclude that the proposed measures would be confidently ex\
pected to avoid the works causing )Tj
T*
(significant odour nuisance.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 403.57722 Tm
(Noise)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 374.82446 Tm
(160. The National Park Authority has raised concerns about noise emanati\
ng from the odour control fans, )Tj
T*
(particularly the one at the inlet works that would be located in the ope\
n. Similar fans at Porthmadog treatment works )Tj
T*
(have recently been causing nuisance to nearby residents during night-tim\
e periods when background noise levels are )Tj
T*
(low. The nearest house at Llanbedr would be slightly nearer than that at\
Porthmadog. [97 & 98])Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 305.59297 Tm
( )Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 276.84021 Tm
(Report APP/H9504/A/00/1039926)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 248.08745 Tm
(161. At Llanbedr one fan would be located inside the sludge handling bui\
lding and the other would be covered and )Tj
T*
(screened by earth bunds. In addition, it would be proposed to use smalle\
r, modern fans in plastic, rather than mild )Tj
T*
(steel, housings. These measures would ensure that any noise was adequate\
ly contained and that the works would not )Tj
T*
(cause disturbance to nearby residents. An appropriate condition could be\
applied to ensure that suitable noise levels )Tj
T*
(were not exceeded. [62 & 64])Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 165.36304 Tm
(162. A resident of Harlech commented on the possibility of larger pumps \
at the Harlech pumping station giving rise )Tj
T*
(to noise. This would be unlikely, as the building would provide ample op\
portunity for noise control. The National )Tj
T*
(Park Authority's expert confirmed that noise from pumping stations is ra\
rely a cause of complaint. [63 & 131])Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 109.62447 Tm
(Health & Environmental Impact)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 80.8717 Tm
(163. Several local residents have expressed concern about the impact the\
treated effluent would have on the water )Tj
T*
(quality of the Afon Artro and the estuary. Mention has been made of the \
estuary ecology and particularly its rich )Tj
T*
(habitat for birds [124]. However, particular reference has been made to \
the effect on the tourism trade. The CMC )Tj
T*
(outward bound centre at Pensarn relies on use of the river and estuary f\
or water sports for its young visitors, some of )Tj
ET
EMC
Q
endstream
endobj
1454 0 obj 5575
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1455 0 obj<>stream
/P <>BDC
q
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/T1_0 1 Tf
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(whom have special educational or physical needs [126 & 127]. There are 2\
other outward-bound centres in the area )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(as well as the popular camping venue at Shell Island, which received ove\
r 50,000 visitors in 1999 [133]. Tourism is )Tj
T*
(important to the economic well being of Llanbedr, and water quality in t\
he river and estuary is a vital contributor )Tj
T*
(towards its future success.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 692.22919 Tm
(164. Although the quantity would be considerably more than at present, t\
he effluent discharged to the Afon Artro )Tj
T*
(would be of a considerably higher standard than at present. The proposal\
would result in improved water quality in )Tj
T*
(the river and estuary and some benefit to their ecology. This would be p\
articularly marked in regard to )Tj
T*
(bacteriological pollution as a result of the introduction of the seconda\
ry \(biological\) and UV disinfection stages of )Tj
T*
(treatment, which would kill 1,000-10,000 times more coliforms than the e\
xisting treatment works. As a result, risks )Tj
T*
(to the health of water users would be considerably improved. [72])Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 596.01186 Tm
(165. The Director of the outward-bound centre commented that visitors' p\
erceptions of risk are just as important as )Tj
T*
(the actual risks, and the larger treatment works proposed would increase\
the general perception of its presence [129]. )Tj
T*
(It is acknowledged that public perception of risk is a material consider\
ation [76]. However, that perception would be )Tj
T*
(reduced if the visual impact of the proposed works were minimised.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 526.78036 Tm
(Visual Impact)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 498.02762 Tm
(166. The visual impact of the proposed works is not a matter in dispute \
with the Snowdonia National Park Authority. )Tj
T*
(However, the Community Council is concerned about its impact at the entr\
ance to the village and about the long )Tj
T*
(period that landscape planting would take to grow to, a size capable of \
providing meaningful screening [ 115 & 116] .)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 442.28903 Tm
(167. Welsh Water has commissioned a visual assessment of the proposed de\
velopment, which has concluded that the )Tj
T*
(proposed development would not result in any discernible difference to t\
he overall landscape and would result in )Tj
T*
(only a moderate change to localised views from the road and nearby footp\
aths. These impacts would reduce further )Tj
T*
(as the landscaping and additional planting matured [74]. A substantial e\
arth bund on 3 sides of the works would )Tj
T*
(provide considerable screening even without the additional landscape pla\
nting [12]. My conclusion is that the visual )Tj
T*
(impact would be quite limited and not unacceptably harmful to the charac\
ter and appearance of the village.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 346.0717 Tm
(Report APP/H9504/A/00/1039926)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 317.31895 Tm
(Flooding)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 288.56619 Tm
(168. The Community Council and several local residents have provided evi\
dence that the site is subject to flooding )Tj
T*
(and have suggested that, if the proposed works were to be affected, the \
floodwaters would spread pollution over a )Tj
T*
(wide area [113, 114 & 125\). However, Welsh Water explained that it was \
aware of the likelihood of flooding and )Tj
T*
(that)Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(the works had been designed to avoid the tanks and other installations b\
ecoming inundated. The existing works )Tj
T*
(was successfully designed to resist flooding in the same way, and none o\
f the local residents has reported the works )Tj
T*
(itself being flooded or pollution being caused. Nor has the Environment \
Agency raised this as a concern [65]. I )Tj
T*
(conclude that the risks of flooding of the site can be adequately allowe\
d for in the design of the works.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 178.85596 Tm
(169. One local resident has asked what effect the additional volume of w\
ater discharged into the river would have on )Tj
T*
(flood levels in the river itself [136]. However, as it would only equate\
to about 0.5% of the average daily flow in the )Tj
T*
(river, its effect would be negligible [72].)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 123.11737 Tm
(Planning Policy)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 94.36462 Tm
(170. It is a requirement of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 \(as \
amended\) that, where an adopted or )Tj
T*
(approved development plan contains relevant policies, an application for\
planning permission or an appeal shall be )Tj
T*
(determined in accordance with the plan, unless material considerations i\
ndicate otherwise.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 38.62604 Tm
(171. The Snowdonia National Park Authority acknowledges that the proposa\
l would be in accord with development )Tj
ET
EMC
Q
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(plan and national policies, except in the context of "major development"\
as discussed below [ 14, 80] . In the light of )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(my reasoning above, my general conclusion is also that the proposal woul\
d be in line with development plan and )Tj
T*
(national policies. The proposal would protect and enhance the environmen\
t and would meet general criteria for good )Tj
T*
(design and acceptable impact on its surroundings and nearby residents. I\
t would also contribute towards )Tj
T*
(sustainability. [44])Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 678.73627 Tm
(172. The provision of improved sewage disposal facilities and the avoida\
nce of coastal pollution would support )Tj
T*
(development plan aims and enable compliance to be achieved with the rele\
vant European Community Directives and )Tj
T*
(corresponding UK legislation. It would also be of significant benefit to\
tourism in the area in support of the tourism )Tj
T*
(strategy and the purposes of the National Park. [45])Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 609.50478 Tm
(173. Turning to consider the question of "major development", the Nation\
al Park Authority has referred to the advice )Tj
T*
(in Planning Guidance \(Wales\), Planning Policy, that )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
("Major development should not take place in National Parks, )Tj
T*
(save in exceptional circumstances of proven national interest". )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(In the absence of a definition of "major development" )Tj
T*
(in the national )Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
(guidance, the Authority has argued that the proposal falls within the de\
finition )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(of "major )Tj
T*
(development" in Article 8 of the Town and Country Planning \(General Dev\
elopment Procedlare\) Order 1995 and so )Tj
T*
(requires special justification. [81])Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 513.28746 Tm
(174. The Authority proposed the same definition in regard to draft Polic\
y PC4 of the deposit version of the Local )Tj
T*
(Plan, which follows a presumption similar to the national guidance. Howe\
ver, the Local Plan Inspector rejected that )Tj
T*
(approach, as the definition in Article 8 is specifically intended to app\
ly only to that Article. I agree with that )Tj
T*
(interpretation. In which case, one turns to the adopted Local Plan, whic\
h defines "major development" as )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
T*
("development which is national rather than local in character or that wh\
ich will have a very significant and long )Tj
T*
(term impact on the landscape, wildlife or cultural heritage of the Park \
because of its scale". )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(Several examples are )Tj
T*
(given for guidance in interpretation. [48 & 49])Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 403.57722 Tm
( )Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 374.82446 Tm
(Report APP/H9504/A/00/1039926)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 346.0717 Tm
(175. The Authority argues that the scheme has national and international\
implications because of its connection with )Tj
T*
(European Community Directives and the huge financial penalties involved \
in the event of continued failure to meet )Tj
T*
(the required standards [82]. I disagree. Measured against the adopted Lo\
cal Plan definition, the proposal is not )Tj
T*
(national in character or likely to have a long-term impact on the Park e\
nvironment. And it would be much less )Tj
T*
(significant in scale than the examples quoted [49]. Even allowing for th\
e size and rural nature of the community of )Tj
T*
(Llanbedr [117], I conclude that the proposal is not "major development" \
falling within the intentions of Local Plan )Tj
T*
(Policy PC4 or Planning Guidance \(Wales\), Planning Policy.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_3 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 236.36147 Tm
(Other Matters and Overall Conclusion)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 207.60872 Tm
(176. Much has been said and written about shortcomings in consultation b\
y the main parties at the time of the )Tj
T*
(planning application and even during the subsequent appeal stage [84, 86\
, 92, 94, 104, 105, 106, 120 & 132]. This )Tj
T*
(certainly reflects badly on Welsh Water and, to a lesser extent, on the \
National Park Authority. However, the views )Tj
T*
(of the Community Council and local residents were taken into account by \
the National Park Authority in refusing to )Tj
T*
(grant planning permission, and they were well briefed at the public inqu\
iry and presented their views forcefully. I )Tj
T*
(have taken their views and comments into account in reaching my conclusi\
ons.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 111.39139 Tm
(177. Overall, I conclude that the proposal would be in accord with the d\
evelopment plan and national policies, would )Tj
T*
(provide significant benefits to water quality in estuary and coastal wat\
ers and benefits to tourism, and would not )Tj
T*
(unacceptably harm the character and appearance of this quiet rural area \
or the amenity of local residents or visiting )Tj
T*
(tourists. I do not accept the National Park Authority's arguments that t\
he design modifications made to the proposal )Tj
T*
(since the refusal of planning permission should not be considered at the\
appeal stage or that permission should not be )Tj
T*
(granted without calling for an Environmental Statement.)Tj
ET
EMC
Q
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(178. I have taken into account all matters raised but they do not outwei\
gh the considerations that have led me to my )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(main conclusions. For the above reasons and having regard to all matters\
raised, I conclude that the appeal should be )Tj
T*
(allowed and planning permission be granted for the proposal as modified,\
subject to several necessary conditions.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 701.64021 Tm
(Conditions)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 672.88745 Tm
(179. It was generally agreed at the inquiry that the suggested condition\
s put forward by Welsh Water could form the )Tj
T*
(basis for conditions attached to a grant of planning permission. Suggest\
ed Conditions 1-8 are similar to those )Tj
T*
(suggested by the Snowdonia National Park Authority, except that Conditio\
n 2 refers to the amended plans. Condition )Tj
T*
(3 should be omitted, as it is duplicated by Condition 5. And Condition 6\
should be supplemented by an additional )Tj
T*
(condition requiring the submission and approval of landscaping details. \
In view of the relatively simple nature of the )Tj
T*
(proposals, a simple condition would suffice, for example Model Condition\
20 of Circular 1/85 \(the old conditions )Tj
T*
(circular\). Condition 7 would benefit from clarification that it refers \
to protection of the trees during the construction )Tj
T*
(of the works. [78 & 101])Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 549.68431 Tm
(180. Suggested Conditions 9-13 deal with odour control and are necessary\
to ensure that the measures are installed )Tj
T*
(and calibrated prior to operation of the works and that they are subsequ\
ently operated to ensure effective odour )Tj
T*
(protection. The suggested informative is unnecessary. [79 & 102])Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 493.94572 Tm
( )Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 465.19296 Tm
(Report APP/H9504/A/00/1039926)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 436.44022 Tm
(181. Condition 14 is needed to provide assurance against noise nuisance \
and should be improved to include reference )Tj
T*
(to the measurements being carried out in accordance with BS4142:1997, as\
suggested by the National Park )Tj
T*
(Authority. [79 & 102])Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_1 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 380.70163 Tm
(Human Rights)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 351.94887 Tm
(182. Representations have been made to the effect that the rights of loc\
al residents under Article 8 of the European )Tj
T*
(Convention on Human Rights would be violated if the appeal were allowed.\
I do not consider them to be well )Tj
T*
(founded, because the degree of any interference is insufficient to give \
rise to a violation of the local residents' rights )Tj
T*
(under the article, given my conclusions in paragraph 177 above. [77, 100\
& 177])Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 282.71738 Tm
(183. As regards the submissions made relating to Article 6 of the Conven\
tion [99 & 120], I accept that the Llanbedr )Tj
T*
(Community Council and local residents were inconvenienced by Welsh Water\
's delayed provision of a proper odour )Tj
T*
(assessment and the changed nature of its application. However, I do not \
consider that that prevented them from )Tj
T*
(presenting their cases adequately at the public inquiry, and I afforded \
them ample opportunity to do so. I therefore )Tj
T*
(consider that their rights under Article 6 of the Convention were not vi\
olated.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
0 0.50197 0 rg
BT
/T1_2 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 199.99297 Tm
(Recommendation)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 72.28346 171.2402 Tm
(184. I recommend that the appeal be allowed and planning permission be g\
ranted for the proposed development as )Tj
T*
(amended by the revised plans \(NH00139 019E, 020E and 0211\)\), subject \
to conditions as advised in paragraphs 179-)Tj
T*
(181 above.)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 115.50163 Tm
( )Tj
ET
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(Inspector)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 648.37721 Tm
( )Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 619.62447 Tm
( )Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 590.8717 Tm
( )Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 562.11896 Tm
( )Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 533.3662 Tm
( )Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 504.61343 Tm
( )Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 475.86069 Tm
( )Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 447.10793 Tm
( )Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 418.35516 Tm
( )Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 389.60242 Tm
( )Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 360.84966 Tm
( )Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 332.09691 Tm
( )Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 303.34415 Tm
( )Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 274.59138 Tm
( )Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 245.83864 Tm
( )Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 217.08588 Tm
( )Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 188.33313 Tm
( )Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 159.58037 Tm
(Report APP/H9504/A/00/1039926)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 8.03149 130.82761 Tm
(APPEARANCES)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 13.65355 96.4528 Tm
(FOR THE APPELLANT:)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 219.51685 96.4528 Tm
( )Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
11.24409 0 0 11.24409 13.65355 71.71581 Tm
(Mr S Carter, LLB, MCIA'b)Tj
ET
EMC
/P <>BDC
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